* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download dna-student - WordPress.com
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Population genetics wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
Human genetic variation wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Cancer epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Genetic testing wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
Genome editing wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Oncogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
DNA: The Genetic Material of Life All cells contain genetic information that is located within the nucleus of a cell, but just what is that genetic material of life? Within the nucleus, the genetic material of a cell is organized into threadlike structures called ____________ and each chromosome contains many different _______ that are the units of genetic information which determine specific characteristics of an individual. Each living thing has a specific number of chromosomes within the nucleus of every one of its cell. Humans have _____ chromosomes, dogs have _____, and mice have ____. However, all chromosomes are made up of the same chemical called ______________________________________(____). DNA is the genetic material that provides a cell with all of the information needed to perform all the functions (ex. Growth, repair, making new cell parts, and reproduction) DNA has a structure known as a _______________ (it looks like a ladder that has been twisted). The sides of a DNA molecule are made of ________ (5-carbon deoxyribose) and ____________ molecules. In between, there are ________ _____ that pair together. DNA has 4 nitrogen bases that combine in different ways to produce the genetic code. The nitrogen bases are: A – ______________ and T – ________________; G – ______________ and C – ________________; Adenine and Thymine always pair up and Guanine and Cytosine always pair up. Every sequence of 3 nitrogen bases (a codon) is like a ‘word’ and those sequences combine to give a ‘story’ which is the genetic blueprint for a molecule. The genetic blueprints (stories) that are formed are the genes that determine specific characteristics (hair colour, height, flower colour ….) The genetic code is made up of ~_______ billion nitrogen bases arranged on ~________ genes on 46 chromosomes of a human being **Initial thoughts were ~6 billion bases on 100,000 genes Genetic Variation: Humans have _______ chromosomes (23 pairs). One chromosome from each pair comes from your _________ and the other from your __________. Each chromosome carries the same genes but the information on the genes may be slightly __________, therefore you are a combination of the genes of both your parents. The characteristics that you end up with depend on the ________ of each gene you receive. The DNA contained in your chromosomes is __________ and no one else has exactly the same DNA (except identical twins) DNA and Cancer: DNA can be exposed to harmful chemicals that get into the nucleus of a cell. Any of these can cause the order of the nitrogen bases to change which results in a change in the genetic code called a _______________. Sometimes mutations can be beneficial but they are usually neutral. Cancer is one example of a mutation that is damaging to a cell. Cancer is a group of diseases that are associated with ______________ and _______________ cell division. When mutations occur to the genes that control cell division, cancer can result. Substances that cause mutations are called _____________________ (ex. Viruses that cause leukemia, radiation that causes skin cancer and chemicals such as those in cigarettes that may cause lung cancer). Cancer cells reproduce too quickly and this can crowd out or damage healthy cells. They cannot carry out specific functions of healthy cells because they don’t specialize. Normal cells specialize as they grow to perform specific functions. Cancer cells don’t do this and therefore they use the resources of the body to reproduce but don’t do the ___________ as normal cells do.