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Chapter 34 Review Sheet: The Rise of the Roman Republic What was the first step in the Roman expansion? How long did Rome’s first period of expansion last? What problems occurred as a result of the first period of expansion? Section 34.3 Rome’s First Period of Expansion ____ to _____ B.C.E. How did Rome overcome these challenges? Who was Cincinnatus? What group posed the biggest challenge to Roman Expansion? Section 34.4 Over Seas Expansion: From ________ to _________ B.C.E. Define: Carthage-- Background Why were the Romans in conflict with Carthage? What are the Punic wars? 1st Punic War Why were the Romans successful in the first Punic war? Why was Hannibal ( the Carthaginian leader) successful early in the Second Punic war? 2nd Punic War Why were the Romans successful in the Second Punic war? How did the Romans end the Third Punic War? 3rd Punic War What were the benefits of the Roman victory? What were the consequences of the Third Punic War? 34.5 Expansion During the Final Years of the Republic: From ____________ to ___________ B.C.E. Civil War Pompey vs. Caesar Explain these three factors created problems for the Roman Republic: A) Taxes • Both were great Roman generals who________________ Led To •Pompey controlled___________________ while Julius Caesar controlled much of B) Slaves: ______________. •_______________ had the support of the Senate, who then forbade _________from C) Jobs: returning to Rome with his army. • Caesar crossed the ____________ River leading Life under Caesar: Name three reforms made by Caesar: to a three-year war. ______________ won the war and the Senate named him dictator for life 1) 2) 3) Results Continued On the Next Page Why did several senators kill Caesar? Section 34.6 Rome Becomes and Empire What was the initial result of the death of Caesar? Who did Octavian have to defeat in order to claim his right to the empire? Why was Octavian called “Augustus”? List three of Octavian’s accomplishments 1) 2) 3) What were three challenges faced by the people of Rome under Augustus? What was the Pax Romana? Chapter 34: What to Study… • Territories gained during each period of expansion. • Key figures and terms • Major costs and benefits of Roman expansion.