Download Roman Expansion

Roman Expansion
World History
2013
Date: Monday
December 9
TSWBAT read, analyze AND explain primary resource
(roman laws) and compare and contrast them to
American laws.
Warm-Up: Quiz; Check worksheets and review answers
Activity: read p. 149 (Roman Law) quietly at your seats; read one
of the Roman laws and write a one paragraph answer
• Roman Laws
explanations
paragraph Due
Tuesday
Current Assignments
• Greek Newspaper
• Book
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• Pen/pencil
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for class today?
Date: Tuesday
December 10
TSWBAT read, analyze AND explain primary resource
(roman laws) and compare and contrast them to
American laws.
Warm-Up: using your worksheet from Friday, draw a diagram or
chart of the Roman Political Structure (see page 148-49 for help); we
will discuss these
Activity: read one of the Roman laws and write a one paragraph answer
thoroughly explaining the law AND one paragraph comparing that law to
one in the United States (do your best to compare!!)
• Roman Laws
explanations
paragraph Due
Tuesday
Current Assignments
• Greek Newspaper
• Book
• Binder
• Pen/pencil
Past Due
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for class today?
Who to include in the diagram:
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Roman senate
Patricians
Plebeians
Consuls
Praetors
Council of Plebs (assembly)
Centuriate (assembly)
Soldiers
Date: Wednesday
December 11
TSWBAT discuss and define what causes a conflict;
locate Carthage on a map; explain how, why, and when
the Punic Wars occurred and the significance of these
wars
Warm-Up: TURN IN 12 TABLES! Staple
Write in your notes:
1) In your opinion, what causes conflict?
2) Explain the location of Carthage using a map (p. 150)
3) On p. 150 read and answer questions 1 &2
Activity: PPT and notes on Punic Wars
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Roman Expansion
• After their conquest of Italy, Romans faced the
state of Carthage
– Who did the Romans have to conquer first?
– What continent if Carthage located?
• The Phoenicians founded Carthage on the
Coast of North Africa
• Carthage had an enormous trading Empire
with colonies stretching from Spain to Sicily
• Carthage was the largest and Richest state in
the area
Punic Wars
• Why do you think a
conflict arose
between Rome
and Carthage?
• The First Punic
Wars:
– The presence of
the Carthaginians
in Sicily (an island
close to the Italian
Coast) made the
Romans fearful.
First Punic Wars, Con’t
• Both the Romans and the
Carthaginians were determined
to control Sicily.
• The Romans built a large naval
fleet knowing they could not take
over Sicily (an island) without a
navy
• In 241 BCE, the Romans defeated
the Carthaginians and Sicily
became the first Roman province.
• The Carthaginians vowed
revenge.
First Punic Wars:
• What was the RESULT of the First Punic Wars?
The beginning of the Second Punic Wars
• To make up for lost lands in Sicily, the
Carthaginians decided to add new lands in
Spain.
• The Romans encouraged one of Carthage’s
Spanish allies to revolt.
• In response, the greatest Carthaginian
general, HANNIBAL, struck back beginning the
Second Punic Wars.
Second Punic Wars
• Hannibal, the general of the
Carthaginians brought the fight
to Rome this time by crossing
over the Alps with 46,000 men,
horses, and elephants.
• The Alps took a toll on the
Carthaginian army; most of the
elephants died, but the
remaining army was still
extremely dominant
• The Romans made a big mistake
and met the Carthaginian army
head on--– The Roman army lost 40,000 men.
Second Punic Wars
• After defeating the Roman army,
Hannibal conquered surrounding
areas in Italy; however he did not
have enough men or equipment to
take over any major cities.
• The Roman army began to recover
from its loss and eventually
reconquer the cities that had been
taken by Hannibal.
• By 206 BCE, the Romans had pushed
the Carthaginians completely out of
Italy and Spain.
Second Punic Wars
• To ensure that Hannibal
left Rome, the Romans
invaded Carthage while
Hannibal was in Spain.
• The Romans knew that
Hannibal would retreat
back to Carthage (in Africa)
• Having the upper hand
now, the Romans crushed
Hannibal’s army
• Spain became a Roman
Province
• Rome was now the
dominant force in the
western Mediterranean
world
Second Punic Wars
• What was the result of the Second Punic Wars?
Third Punic Wars
• For years, wealthy and
powerful Romans had
wanted Carthage
destroyed.
• In 146 BCE it was
destroyed; for ten days
Romans burned and
destroyed the city and
sold all inhabitants into
slavery.
• The territory of
Carthage became a
Roman province called
Africa
Third Punic Wars
• What was the result of the Third Punic wars?
What was the historical and cultural significance
of the Roman destruction of Carthage?
Date: Thursday
December 12
TSWBAT define, explain, analyze, and compare and
contrast events and people of the Roman Empire
Warm-Up: Complete worksheet “The End of the Punic Wars”
(read and answer)
Activity: Complete section 1 review (1-7) on page 151; this will be
graded and discussed!
• Section review due
tomorrow!
• QUIZ Monday on
(Section 1)- Roman
Republic and
Expansion
Current Assignments
• Roman Laws
Past Due
Assignments
• Book
• Binder
• Pen/penc
What
do I need
il
for class today?
After you read article, answer these
questions (write out questions):
• 1. who was Scipio?
• 2. Why was he elected Consul?
• 3. Why did Carthage break the truce with
Rome?
• 4. Explain the battle of Zama
• 5. What happened to Carthage after the war
• 6. Who rules Carthage?
• 7. How many people were sold into slavery?
Date: Friday
December 13
TSWBAT evaluate their answers to the review; explain
the importance of Hannibal and make comparisons to
their own life experiences.
Warm-Up: Review and discuss all answers to section 1 review;
review answers to quizzes
Activity: Viewpoint Description of Punic Wars wks; reminder: quiz
MONDAY!
• QUIZ Monday
(Section 1)
Current Assignments
Past Due
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do I need
il
for class today?
Date: Monday
December 16
TSWBAT evaluate their understanding of Rome thus far;
survey, define, and explain vocabulary and he Gracchus
Brothers
Warm-Up: 5 minutes to silently review for the quiz
Activity: AFTER THE QUIZ, complete p. 152 content vocab and p.
153 Gracchus Brothers activity to prepare for next section
• Book
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Date: Tuesday
December 17
TSWBAT explain the first Roman Triumvirate; create
a flow chart explaining Julius Caesar’s rise to power
Warm-Up: review vocab and Gracchus Brothers questions
Activity: First Triumvirate PPT; partner activity
• Make up quizzes
tomorrow in class!
Current Assignments
• Book
• Binder
• Pen/pencil
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for class today?
From a Republic to an Empire
• By the second century BCE, the Roman Senate
became the real governing body
• The Senate was controlled by a small circle of
wealthy and powerful families.
• The backbone of Rome had always been the small
farmers; however over time, these farmers lost
their lands to the wealthy and became the
landless poor of Rome
• Two brothers, Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus urged
the Council of Plebs to pass land-reform bills that
would give land back to the small farmers (now
the landless poor)
Republic to an Empire
• Many senators, themselves large landowners
whose estates included large areas of public
land, were furious with the brothers idea.
• A small group of Senators killed the brothers
for their reform ideas
– This opened the door for instability and violence
in the Roman Empire
Republic to an Empire
• For the next 50 years (82-31 BCE), Roman
history was characterized by civil wars as
many individuals competed for power.
• Turn to page 154: read the short primary
resource passage by the Roman historian
Sallust and summarize that in your own
words.
– What does this passage tell you about the Roman
Empire at this time in history?
First Triumvirate
• Three men emerged as victors from the civil
wars and power struggles:
– Crassus: known as the richest man in Rome
– Pompey: was military hero
– Julius Caesar: controlled military command in
Spain
• The combined wealth and power of those
three men was enormous and enabled them
to dominate the political scene and achieve
their goals.
First Triumvirate
• In 60 BCE Caesar joined with Crassus and
Pompey to form the First Triumvirate
– A government ruled by three people with equal
power
• Pompey received command in Spain
• Crassus received command in Syria
• Caesar was granted special military
command in France
First Triumvirate
• In 53 BCE Crassus was killed in battle, which left
only Pompey and Caesar to rule.
• The Senate feared Caesar’s rising popularity with
the people and decided to make Pompey the sole
leader; they voted for Caesar to lay down his
command.
• Caesar refused; he had a strong army of loyal
veterans willing to fight for him
• Caesar led a march on Rome starting civil war
between him and Pompey
• Pompey was defeated and Caesar took complete
control.
Caesar takes total control
• Caesar was made dictator (absolute ruler)in
45 BCE
• Reforms:
– Caesar gave land to the poor
– Increased the senate to 900 members
• He filled the Senate with his supporters
• By increasing the number of Senate members, he
WEAKENED the power of the Senate
– Gave citizenship to supporters from the provinces
– Introduced the solar calendar
– Made plans for building projects and military
campaigns to the east
The Fall of Caesar
• Many senators saw Caesar as a dictator
• In 44 BCE, a group of prominent Senators
assassinated him.
• Questions: Answer these with a partner
1. How long was Caesar in power?
2. How long was he dictator?
3. Why do you think he is the most well known
Roman leader?
4. Make a list of events that put Caesar into
absolute power of Rome
Date: Wednesday
December 18
TSWBAT analyze the people in history and explain
the second triumvirate
Warm-Up: Page 155, read about Julius Caesar and Augustus and
answer questions.
1. How were Caesar’s personal qualities important to his success
2. What qualities helped Augustus bring stability and peace to Rome
Activity: Second Triumvirate worksheet; time to begin video of Rome
• Make up quizzes
today!!
Current Assignments
• Book
• Binder
• Pen/pencil
Past Due
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for class today?
Date: Thursday
December 19
TSWBAT analyze a video; describe Julius Caesar and
the Roman Republic at this time
Warm-Up: where did we leave off yesterday?
Activity: Video activity
• Book
• Binder
• Pen/pencil
Current Assignments
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for class today?
Date: Friday
December 20
TSWBAT analyze a video; describe Julius Caesar and
the Roman Republic at this time
Warm-Up: review from yesterday
Activity: complete video activity!
• Happy Holidays!
Current Assignments
• Book
• Binder
• Pen/pencil
Past Due
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What do I need
for class today?