Download 暨 南 大 学 考 试 试 卷

The Examination Paper of Jinan University
Course Type
Academic Year : 20005–20006 Semester: 1st [ ] 2nd[  ]
Course Name:
For
Required [  ] Elective [
Way of the Exam
Human Physiology
open-book [
Instructors
Date of the Examination:
]
]
close-book [  ]
the Form of the Exam Paper
10th of July 2006
(A/B…)
Instructor’s Name: Chen Lixin,
He Sichun,
Wang Liwei, Wang Yuecun
School
[B]
Total Pages
Major
Grade _________________________
For
Examinees
Name
Student No.
Mainland Student [ ]
Question No.
1
2
3
Non-mainland Student [ ]
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total Score
Score
1. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (50 marks, 1 mark per question)
DIRECTIONS: Please select the single best answer or completion for each question by drawing a
circle around the corresponding letter.
1) The second heart sound is caused by
A
A. Closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
B. Vibrations in the ventricular wall during systole
C. Ventricular filling
D. Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
2) When inject a large amount of epinephrine into the circulation of the rabbit, the rabbit's heart
rate would be expected to
D
A. Increase because the epinephrine stimulates the carotid and aortic baroreceptors
B. Decrease because of increased tonic parasympathetic discharge to the heart
C. Increase because epinephrine activates  receptors of the heart
D. Increase because epinephrine activates 1 receptors of the heart
1
3) The P wave of the ECG corresponds to
A. Atrial depolarization
B. Atrial repolarization
C. Ventricular Depolarization
D. Ventricular repolarization
A
4) The most important function of the microcirculation is
A
A. The exchange of nutrients and wastes between blood and tissue
B. The filtration of water through capillaries
C. The regulation of vascular resistance
D. The autoregulation of blood flow
5) Rapid depolarization (phase 0) of the action potential of ventricular muscle results from
opening of
B
A. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
B. Voltage-gated Na+ channels
C. Acetylcholine-activated K+ channels
D. Inward rectifying K+ channels
6) During the cardiac cycle,
A
A. The aortic and atrioventricular valves are never open at the same time
B. The first heart sound is caused by the rapid ejection of blood from the ventricles
C. The mitral valve is open throughout diastole
D. Left ventricular pressure is always less than aortic pressure
7) Which of following factors increases the formation of interstitial fluid?
A. Decrease of interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
B. Decrease of capillary pressure
C. Increase of capillary pressure
D. Increase of plasma colloid osmotic pressure
C
8) Which of the following occurs when acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors?
A. Norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerve terminals is enhanced
B. Cardiac conduction velocity rises
C. Heart rate slows
D. Nitric oxide release from endothelial cells is inhibited
9) The basic way for nervous regulation is the
A. Response
B. Reflex
C. Secretion
D. Conduction
C
B
2
10) The incorrect statement about the simple diffusion is that
C
A. The substances are transported through the membrane channels.
B. The substances are transported through the intermolecular spaces.
C. The substances are transported through the carrier proteins.
D. The substances are transported down their concentration gradients.
11) Which of the following factors can increase the rate of diffusion for a water-soluble substance?
A. Decrease of its concentration gradient
B. Decrease of the number of the protein channel
C. Decrease of its molecular size
D. Decrease of the temperature
12) The correct statement about the membrane potentials is that
A. They are present only in nerve and muscle cells.
B. They play a little role in controlling the cellular functions.
C. They can be created by the diffusion of the ions.
D. They can be created by osmosis.
C
13) The incorrect statement about the propagation of action potentials is that
B
A. An action potential elicited at any point of the membrane can excite adjacent portions of the
membrane.
B. It propagates to the entire membrane with certain diminishment of its amplitude.
C. It propagates via the local current.
D. It propagates in the saltatory way in the myelinated nerve fibers.
14) One of the characteristics of the longitudinal tubules in the skeletal muscle cells is not that B
A. They originate from the cell membrane.
B. They can release Ca2+ into the sarcoplasma.
C. They branch among themselves that they form the entire planes of T tubules interlacing among all
the separate myofibrils.
D. They can transmit action potential to the deep interior of the muscle fiber as well to excite each
myofibril.
15) The incorrect statement about summation of skeletal muscle contraction is that
D
A. It means the adding together of individual muscle contraction to make strong muscle movement.
B. There are multiple motor unit summation and frequency summation.
C. At the higher frequencies of stimulation, the successive contractions fuse together and cannot be
distinguished one from the other.
D. The force generated by tetanization is about 10 times that generated by a single muscle twitch.
16) During normal quiet breathing, the expiration is realized via
A
A. Relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostals
B. Contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostals
C. Relaxation of the abdominal muscles and internal intercostals
D. Contraction of the abdominal muscles and internal intercostals
3
17) Transport of CO2 in the blood is mainly realized via
A. The dissolved state
B. The form of bicarbonate ion
C. The form of carbaminohemoglobin
D. The form of oxygen-hemoglobin
B
18) Several groups of neurons that play the fundamental role in the control of respiration are
located in the
B
A. Spinal cord
B. Brainstem
C. Hypothalamus
D. Cerebral cortex
19) Presynaptic inhibition depends on
B
A. Reduced action potential amplitude
B. Reduced transmitter release
C. Increased postsynaptic potential
D. IPSP produced in postsynaptic neuron
20) Synaptic innervation of a number of cells by one fiber is an example of
A. Convergence
B. Chronaxie
C. Rheobase
D. Divergence
D
21) The inhibitory synaptic potential recorded from the cell body of a CNS neuron
A. Cannot be summed either temporally or spatially
B. Involves a selective increase in the permeability to K+ and Cl- ions
C. Involves a selective increase in Ca2+ permeability
D. Is not a normal occurrence during spinal reflex activity
B
22) Which of the following determines whether release of neurotransmitter at synaptic junctions
result in an excitatory effect on postsynaptic neuron?
A
A. The chemical structure of the neurotransmitter
B. The number of the postsynaptic receptors
C. The rate of reuptake of neurotransmitter by the presynaptic cell.
D. The amount of calcium released from presynaptic axons
23) The EPSP recorded from the cell body of a CNS neuron
D
A. Lasts only for the duration of the presynaptic action potential
B. Can be spatially summated during repetitive firing of several neurons
C. Is an all-or-none response to a presynaptic impulse
D. Can be temporally summated during repetitive postsynaptic stimulation
4
24) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
A
A. Hyperpolarizes motoneurons and is inhibitory in nature
B. Is blocked by strychnine
C. Is blocked by glycine
D. Probably is responsible for the inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) in alpha motoneurons
25) The Renshaw cell functions by repetitively and rapidly transmitting an impulse to a motor
neuron and causing it to become hyperpolarized. This results in
B
A. Stimulation of the motor neuron
B. Inhibition of the motor neuron
C. Transmission of the impulse to other motor neurons
D. “Reverse” transmission of the impulse down a sensory neuron
26) The precentral gyrus and corticospinal tract are essential for
A.
B.
C.
D.
D
Vision
Olfaction
Auditory identification
Voluntary movement
27) Which of the following is considered true regarding the endocrine system versus the neural
system?
C
A. Both transmit signals that are widespread and diverse
B. Both transmit signals that are highly focused and localized
C. The two systems differ only in their modes for transmission of chemical signals
D. All are correct
28) Which description is not correct about oxytocin
A. Is secreted directly from nerve endings
B. Secretion is associated with neural activity
C. Is secreted by the posterior pituitary
D. Is secreted by the anterior pituitary
D
29) Excessive circulating levels of ACTH are mainly associated with
A. Accelerated bone maturation
B. Cushing’s syndrome
C. Cushing’s disease
D. Decreased concentration of amino acids in blood
C
30) Secretion of TSH
A. Supports the growth of parathyroid gland B
B. In excess, causes hypertrophy of the thyroid gland
C. Does not evoke the secretion of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4
D. Is released into the anterior pituitary circulation from neurons with cell bodies in the
hypothalamus
5
31) Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by the adenohypophysis?
A. ACTH
B. ADH
C. TSH
D. FSH
B
32) Pituitary secretion
A. Shows a negative feedback relationship with its target organs
A
B. If increased will usually cause target gland atrophy
C. Will increase as long as target gland secretion is high
D. Will decrease if levels of circulating target gland secretion are low
33) Parietal cells in the stomach secrete a protein crucial for the absorption of
vitamin B12 by the ileum. What is this protein?
A
A. Intrinsic factor
B. Gastrin
C. Secretin
D. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
34) Which of the following has the lowest pH?
A. Gastric juice
B. Bile in the gallbladder
C. Pancreatic juice
D. Saliva
A
35) Which of the following has the strongest action on fats and proteins?
A. Gastric juice
B. Bile
C. Pancreatic juice
D. Saliva
C
36) Which of the following has the functions of emulsifing fat particles and facilitating absorption of
the digested fat?
B
A. Gastric juice
B. Bile
C. Pancreatic juice
D. Saliva
37) The glomerular filtration rate is
A
A. The amount of fluid filtered by the two kidneys per minute
B. The amount of fluid filtered by one kidney per minute
C. The amount of urine formed by the two kidneys per minute
D. The amount of urine formed by one kidney per minute
6
38) The greatest fraction of filtered Na+ is absorbed in the
A. Proximal tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Distal tubule
D. Collecting duct
39) Glucose reabsorption occurs in the
A. Distal tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Proximal tubule
D. Collecting duct
A
C
40) On which of the following does antidiuretic hormone exert its greatest effect?
A. Glomerulus
B. Proximal tubule
C. Thin portion of the loop of Henle
D. Collecting duct
D
41) Which of the following changes will increases the glumerular filtration rate?
A. The decrease of glomerular hydrostatic pressure
B. The decrease of colloid osmotic pressure of the glomerular capillary plasma
C. The increase of hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's capsule
D. The increase of afferent arteriolar resistance
B
42) Intravenous injection of 10ml of 20% glucose into a rabbit increases the formation of urine.
Which of the following is the main mechanism responsible for the increase of urine?
A
A. Increase of osmotic pressure in the renal tubules
B. Increase of filtration rate
C. Decrease of antidiuretic hormone
D. Decrease of aldosterone
43) Which of the following factors will increase the secretion of aldosterone?
A. Decrease of rennin
B. Increase of Angiotensin II
C. Increase of Na+ concentration in the blood
D. Decrease of antidiurectic hormone
B
44) Which of the following is the key hormone responsible for regulating the formation of diluted or
concentrated urine?
D
A. Rennin
B. Angiotensin II
C. Aldosterone
D. Antidiuretic hormone
7
45) The condition known as presbyopia is due to
C
A. Change in the shape of the eyeball as a result of age
B. An age-related loss of cells in the retina
C. Change in the elasticity of the lens as a result of age
D. A loss of transparency in the lens
46) What external aids can be used to help a hyperopic eye compensate for distance vision?
A. A convex lens placed in front of the eye
B. A concave lens placed in front of the eye
C. A cylindrical lens placed in front of the eye
D. Eyeglasses that are partially opaque, to reduce the light intensity
47) Visual accommodation involves
B
A. Increased tension on the lens ligaments
B. An increase in the curvature of the lens
C. Relaxation of the sphincter muscle of the iris
D. Increased intraocular pressure
48). At which location along the basilar membrane are the highest-frequency sounds detected?
A. Nearest the oval window (near the base of the cochlea)
B. Farthest from the oval window, near the helicotrema (near the apex of the cochlea)
C. Uniformly along the basilar membrane
D. At the midpoint of the membrane
49) Which of the following parts of the eye has the greatest concentration of cones?
A. Ciliary body
B. Iris
C. Optic disk
D. Fovea
A
D
50) Compared with rods, cones
B
A. Are sensitive to light
B. Are responsible for daylight vision
C. Cannot detect color
D. Are low in visual acuity
8
2. TERMS (25 marks, 2.5 marks per term).
DIRECTIONS: Please explain the terms briefly.
1) Reflex
The basic way for nervous regulation is the reflex which is the regular response to adapt to the stimulus under the
involvement of central nervous system.
2) Primary active transport
Molecules or ions are transported through the cell membrane uphill against a concentration gradient or an electrical
potential or a pressure gradient, and the energy is derived directly from the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
or some other high-energy phosphate compound.
3) Excitation-contraction coupling
Action potentials of muscle cell spread to the interior of the cell to cause release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic
reticulum, and it is the calcium ions that in turn initiate the chemical events of the contractile process. This process for
initiating muscle contraction is defined as excitation-contraction coupling.
4) Intrinsic factor
is secreted by the parietal cells and is essential for absorption of vitamin B12 in the ileum
5) Renal threshold for glucose
is the plasma level at which the glucose first appears in the urine.
6) Sensory organ
The sensory receptors and the associated structure surrounding them
7) End-systolic volume
The volume of blood remaining in a ventricle after systole
8) Cardiac output
The blood volume ejected by one ventricle each minute
9) IPSP
10) Dwarfism
3. GENERAL QUESTIONS (25 marks)
DIRECTIONS: Please answer the questions in detail.
9
1) What is the action potential? Explain the mechanisms for generation of it in the nerve cell.
(8 marks)
2) List the determinants of arterial blood pressure and the effect of each factor on the systolic
pressure, diastolic pressure and pulse pressure. (9 marks)
3) Why do we say that the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla are really two different endocrine
tissues?
(8 marks)
10
Answer sheet
11