CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE METABOLISM
... which shows itself without any stimulus to evoke it.the serum calcium is less than 7mg/dL. 2.latent tetany: the serum calcium ions is about 7mg/dL.this type of tetany needs certain tests to prove it. a)Chovostek,sign:quick contraction of theipsilateral facial muscles elicited by tapping over the faf ...
... which shows itself without any stimulus to evoke it.the serum calcium is less than 7mg/dL. 2.latent tetany: the serum calcium ions is about 7mg/dL.this type of tetany needs certain tests to prove it. a)Chovostek,sign:quick contraction of theipsilateral facial muscles elicited by tapping over the faf ...
cardiac arrhythmia
... Beta blocker, verapamil, digoxin can be used to control the ventricular rate To restore sinus rhythm, we use direct current, DC cardio version or Amiodarone IV Catheter ablation – 90% chance of complete cure ...
... Beta blocker, verapamil, digoxin can be used to control the ventricular rate To restore sinus rhythm, we use direct current, DC cardio version or Amiodarone IV Catheter ablation – 90% chance of complete cure ...
CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA
... Beta blocker, verapamil, digoxin can be used to control the ventricular rate To restore sinus rhythm, we use direct current, DC cardio version or Amiodarone IV Catheter ablation – 90% chance of complete cure ...
... Beta blocker, verapamil, digoxin can be used to control the ventricular rate To restore sinus rhythm, we use direct current, DC cardio version or Amiodarone IV Catheter ablation – 90% chance of complete cure ...
On the basis of animal function
... 08 resting potential and external K 09 resting potential and external Na Action potentials 10 the compound action potential 11 conduction velocity and temperature 12 refractory period 13 measuring ion currents Synaptic potential 14 facilitation and depression 15 temporal summation of EPSPs 16 spatia ...
... 08 resting potential and external K 09 resting potential and external Na Action potentials 10 the compound action potential 11 conduction velocity and temperature 12 refractory period 13 measuring ion currents Synaptic potential 14 facilitation and depression 15 temporal summation of EPSPs 16 spatia ...
MS Word Version - Interactive Physiology
... • The luminal membrane of the proximal convoluted tubule contains many transport proteins. • Here you see sodium channels, along with a sodium/hydrogen countertransport carrier molecule, and two sodium/glucose cotransport carrier molecules. • The activity of all these channels and carrier molecules ...
... • The luminal membrane of the proximal convoluted tubule contains many transport proteins. • Here you see sodium channels, along with a sodium/hydrogen countertransport carrier molecule, and two sodium/glucose cotransport carrier molecules. • The activity of all these channels and carrier molecules ...
Early Filtrate Processing
... • The luminal membrane of the proximal convoluted tubule contains many transport proteins. • Here you see sodium channels, along with a sodium/hydrogen countertransport carrier molecule, and two sodium/glucose cotransport carrier molecules. • The activity of all these channels and carrier molecules ...
... • The luminal membrane of the proximal convoluted tubule contains many transport proteins. • Here you see sodium channels, along with a sodium/hydrogen countertransport carrier molecule, and two sodium/glucose cotransport carrier molecules. • The activity of all these channels and carrier molecules ...
************G*** #********** #**************b
... proximal tubule In the first half of the proximal tubule, sodium is reabsorbed by co-transport along with glucose, amino acids, and other solutes. The sodium-potassium ATPase: major force for reabsorption of sodium ...
... proximal tubule In the first half of the proximal tubule, sodium is reabsorbed by co-transport along with glucose, amino acids, and other solutes. The sodium-potassium ATPase: major force for reabsorption of sodium ...
Neurotransmitter Flashcards
... 95. In a dually innervated organ, how will the organ know if sympathetic or parasympathetic is barking louder? 96. Why are a lot of organs dually innervated? 97. What neurons can cause excitation in one organ yet inhibition in another? 98. What happens when the parasympathetic system is suppressed? ...
... 95. In a dually innervated organ, how will the organ know if sympathetic or parasympathetic is barking louder? 96. Why are a lot of organs dually innervated? 97. What neurons can cause excitation in one organ yet inhibition in another? 98. What happens when the parasympathetic system is suppressed? ...
Neurotransmitter Flashcards
... excitable cell? 30. When a cell membrane is depolarizing, is it going closer to threshold or farther away? 31. What neurons fire in people with Parkinson’s disease: excitatory, inhibitory, or both? 32. What general effect does this cause? 33. What are the symptoms of people with Parkinson’s disease? ...
... excitable cell? 30. When a cell membrane is depolarizing, is it going closer to threshold or farther away? 31. What neurons fire in people with Parkinson’s disease: excitatory, inhibitory, or both? 32. What general effect does this cause? 33. What are the symptoms of people with Parkinson’s disease? ...
autorhythmic cell
... Right axis deviation is present when the mean electrical axis lies between+ 120º and +180º. as occurs in right ...
... Right axis deviation is present when the mean electrical axis lies between+ 120º and +180º. as occurs in right ...
MS Word Version - Interactive Physiology
... a. If the membrane reaches the trigger point, known as __________________, what electrical potential will be generated? __________________________________________ b. During the depolarization phase, voltage-gated __________ channels open and _______ enters the cell. ...
... a. If the membrane reaches the trigger point, known as __________________, what electrical potential will be generated? __________________________________________ b. During the depolarization phase, voltage-gated __________ channels open and _______ enters the cell. ...
Final Exam - Creighton Biology
... bb. Ionotropic receptors have only inhibitory effects on postsynaptic neurons. cc. Metabotropic receptors have longer lasting effects because they are intracellular receptors that control gene expression. dd. Metabotropic receptors can have a stronger effect on membrane potential because each recept ...
... bb. Ionotropic receptors have only inhibitory effects on postsynaptic neurons. cc. Metabotropic receptors have longer lasting effects because they are intracellular receptors that control gene expression. dd. Metabotropic receptors can have a stronger effect on membrane potential because each recept ...
Fatigue
... a. If the membrane reaches the trigger point, known as __________________, what electrical potential will be generated? __________________________________________ b. During the depolarization phase, voltage-gated __________ channels open and _______ enters the cell. ...
... a. If the membrane reaches the trigger point, known as __________________, what electrical potential will be generated? __________________________________________ b. During the depolarization phase, voltage-gated __________ channels open and _______ enters the cell. ...
Synapse - MBBS Students Club
... reaches the dendrite (postsynaptic neuron) from the axon (presynaptic neuron) with the help of a NT. • The NT leads to opening of simple ligand-gated channels that are present in the postsynaptic membrane, either Na+ or K+ channels which leads to Na or K or Influx; this could lead to depolarization ...
... reaches the dendrite (postsynaptic neuron) from the axon (presynaptic neuron) with the help of a NT. • The NT leads to opening of simple ligand-gated channels that are present in the postsynaptic membrane, either Na+ or K+ channels which leads to Na or K or Influx; this could lead to depolarization ...
Synapse
... reaches the dendrite (postsynaptic neuron) from the axon (presynaptic neuron) with the help of a NT. • The NT leads to opening of simple ligand-gated channels that are present in the postsynaptic membrane, either Na+ or K+ channels which leads to Na or K or Influx; this could lead to depolarization ...
... reaches the dendrite (postsynaptic neuron) from the axon (presynaptic neuron) with the help of a NT. • The NT leads to opening of simple ligand-gated channels that are present in the postsynaptic membrane, either Na+ or K+ channels which leads to Na or K or Influx; this could lead to depolarization ...
Cardiovascular Physiology 2016
... SA action potential – Ca++ and K+ Spontaneous depolarization – Na+ If currents and changes in K+ and Ca++ ...
... SA action potential – Ca++ and K+ Spontaneous depolarization – Na+ If currents and changes in K+ and Ca++ ...
Notes0112
... Ion channels - Ion channels are membrane proteins that contain small, highly selective aqueous pores. They allow specific ions, eg, Na+, K+, Ca2+ or Cl- to move down their electrochemical gradients across the membrane, and are often named after the ions for which they show the greatest selectivity. ...
... Ion channels - Ion channels are membrane proteins that contain small, highly selective aqueous pores. They allow specific ions, eg, Na+, K+, Ca2+ or Cl- to move down their electrochemical gradients across the membrane, and are often named after the ions for which they show the greatest selectivity. ...
08. Invol.muscle
... (autostimulation) results from less negative resting potential (-50 to -60 mv.) and permeability of sarcolemma; sufficient numbers of sodium-calcium (slow) channels are open at resting potential to provoke depolarization; in some cases, rhythmical 'slow waves' occur (graded potentials); in many case ...
... (autostimulation) results from less negative resting potential (-50 to -60 mv.) and permeability of sarcolemma; sufficient numbers of sodium-calcium (slow) channels are open at resting potential to provoke depolarization; in some cases, rhythmical 'slow waves' occur (graded potentials); in many case ...
2. Pre-Sheet Answers - CIM
... Slow waves are oscillating membrane potentials inherent to the smooth muscle cells of the Gl tract. They are not action potentials, but they do determine the pattern of action potentials and, therefore, the pattern of contraction of the smooth muscle (however, in gastric smooth muscle, the slow wave ...
... Slow waves are oscillating membrane potentials inherent to the smooth muscle cells of the Gl tract. They are not action potentials, but they do determine the pattern of action potentials and, therefore, the pattern of contraction of the smooth muscle (however, in gastric smooth muscle, the slow wave ...
The Heart, Day 4 (Professor Powerpoint)
... All muscle cells in ATRIA contract together Action potential is transferred to AV node (100msec delay from SA node = Ventricles contract after atria) All muscle cells in VENTRICLES contract together We’ve covered EKG/ECG, make sure you are comfortable with it for lecture AND lab exam ...
... All muscle cells in ATRIA contract together Action potential is transferred to AV node (100msec delay from SA node = Ventricles contract after atria) All muscle cells in VENTRICLES contract together We’ve covered EKG/ECG, make sure you are comfortable with it for lecture AND lab exam ...
Cardiac Qs
... atrioventricular nodes but also to the cardiac muscle of both ventricles and atria. The effects of sympathetic innervation can be broken down into increasing the heart’s rate of pumping and also increasing the heart’s strength of contraction. The sympathetic nerves release noradrenaline at their jun ...
... atrioventricular nodes but also to the cardiac muscle of both ventricles and atria. The effects of sympathetic innervation can be broken down into increasing the heart’s rate of pumping and also increasing the heart’s strength of contraction. The sympathetic nerves release noradrenaline at their jun ...
18 The Heart new
... • Cardiac cycle – Pressure and volume changes that occur during the cardiac cycle – Average heart rate 72 bpm – Each cardiac cycle lasts 0.8 s • 0.3 s in systole • O.5 s in diastole ...
... • Cardiac cycle – Pressure and volume changes that occur during the cardiac cycle – Average heart rate 72 bpm – Each cardiac cycle lasts 0.8 s • 0.3 s in systole • O.5 s in diastole ...
Cardiac action potential
The cardiac action potential is a short-lasting event in which the membrane potential (the difference of potential between the interior and the exterior) of a cardiac cell rises and falls following a consistent trajectory, similar to the action potential in other types of cells.The cardiac action potential differs significantly in different portions of the heart. The heart is provided with a special excitatory system and a contractile system necessary to differentiate action potentials in the heart, which allow it to function at a constant rate.This differentiation of the action potentials allows the different electrical characteristics of the different portions of the heart. For instance, the specialized excitatory system of the heart has the special property of spontaneous depolarization. This means the heart depolarizes without any external influence via a slow, positive increase in voltage known as the pacemaker potential across the cell's membrane (the membrane potential) that occurs between the end of one action potential and the beginning of the next action potential. This increase in membrane potential (depolarization) typically allows it to reach the threshold potential at which the next pacemaker potential is fired. Thus, it is the pacemaker potential that drives the self-generated rhythmic firing, known as cardiac muscle automaticity or autorhythmicity.Pacemaker potentials are fired by sinoatrial node (SAN), but also by the other foci. However, the last ones have firing frequencies slower than the SAN's. When other foci attempt to fire at their intrinsic rate, they can not, because they have been discharged by the previous electric impulse coming from the SAN before their pacemaker potential threshold is reached. This is called ""overdrive suppression"". Under certain conditions (if pacemaker cells become compromised) non-pacemaker cells can take over and set the pace of the heart (become pacemakers). Rate dependence of action potential is a fundamental property of cardiac cells. This is important for the QT interval, measured from the beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave. This interval must be corrected for the cardiac rhythm QTc. A prolonged QTc, long QT syndrome, induced by drugs or disease congenital or acquired, increases the possibility of developing severe ventricular arrhythmias and sometimes sudden death.The electrical activity of the specialized excitatory tissues is not apparent on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG). This is due to the relatively small time duration. It is not possible, for example, to see on the ECG the sinus node activity, but the resulting atrial myocardium contraction is apparent as a wave – the P wave. The electrical activity of the conducting system can be seen on the ECG (for example the AV node delay and the so-called PR segment).