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CH 3 SEC 3 CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS IN CELLS PURPOSE/GOAL – LEARN WHAT CELLS USE AND NEED FOR SURVIVAL. ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS ELEMENTS- ARE THE BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS FOR….. EVERYTHING IS MADE OF MATTER EX- OXYGEN AND NITROGEN ARE ELEMENTS. NAME SOME OTHERS? KEY- AN ELEMENT IS ANY SUBSTANCE THAT CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN INTO ANY OTHER SUBSTANCES. KEY- THE SMALLEST UNIT OF AN ELEMENT IS CALLED AN ATOM ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS KEY- WHEN 2 OR MORE ELEMENTS COMBINE CHEMICALLY, THEY FORM A COMPOUND KEY- CARBON DIOXIDE IS A COMPOUND MADE OF CARBON AND OXYGEN WATER- H2O? WHAT? MAKES UP 2/3 OF YOUR BODY! ESSENTIAL FOR MOST LIFE AS WE KNOW IT! http://www.brainpop.com/science/e arthsystem/water/ IN/ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KEY- MOST CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITHIN CELLS COULD NOT TAKE PLACE WITHOUT WATER! KEY- CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS, PROTEINS, AND NUCLEIC ACIDS ARE IMPORTANT GROUPS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS THAT PLAY A ROLE IN THE FUNCTION OF CELLS CARBOHYDRATES CARBOHYDRATE- IS AN ENERGY RICH COMPOUND MADE OF THE ELEMENTS CARBON, HYDROGEN, AND OXYGEN. EX- SUGARS AND STARCHES LIKE FRUITS, POTATOES, PASTA, RICE, ….ETC KEY- IN ADDITION TO PROVIDING ENERGY FOR THE CELL, CARBOHYDRATES ARE IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF SOME CELL PARTS EX- THE CELL WALL AND CELL MEMBRANE ARE MADE MOSTLY OF CARBOHYDRATES http://www.brainpop.com/health/nutrition/c arbohydrates/ LIPIDS LIPIDS- ARE ENERGY RICH ORGANIC COMPOUNDS MADE OF CARBON, HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN. EX- FATS, OILS, AND WAXES ARE ALL LIPIDS KEY- CONTAIN MORE ENERGY THAN CARBOHYDRATES. CELLS STORE ENERGY IN LIPIDS FOR LATER USE EX- BEAR HIBERNATION KEY- IN ADDITION TO THEIR FUNCTION AS AN ENERGY SOURCE, LIPIDS ALSO MAKE UP MOST OF THE CELL MEMBRANE http://www.brainpop.com/health/nutrition/fa ts/preview.weml PROTEINS PROTEINS- ARE LARGE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS MADE OF CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN , AND,, IN SOME CASES, SULFUR EX- MEAT, EGGS, FISH, NUTS, AND BEANS AMINO ACIDS- ARE SMALLER MOLECULES THAT MAKE UP PROTEINS. THERE ARE ONLY 20 COMMON AMINO ACIDS BUT THEY COMBINE TO FORM THOUSANDS OF DIFFERENT PROTEINS (THINK ALPHABET) KEY- THE PROTEINS KNOWN AS ENZYMES PERFORM IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS IN THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT TAKE PLACE IN CELLS PROTEINS CONT’D ENZYME- IS A TYPE OF PROTEIN THAT SPEEDS UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN A LIVING THING. KEY- WITHOUT ENZYMES, MANY CHEMICAL REACTION THAT ARE NECESSARY FOR LIFE WOULD EITHER TAKE TOO LONG OR NOT OCCUR AT ALL EX- (SALIVA) NUCLEIC ACID NUCLEIC ACIDS- ARE VERY LONG ORGANIC MOLECULES MADE OF CARBON, H, N, PHOSPHORUS. KEY- NUCLEIC ACIDS CONTAIN THE INSTRUCTIONS THAT CELLS NEED TO CARRY OUT……. ALL THE FUNCTIONS OF LIFE 2 TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACIDS- DNA- IS GENETICS MATERIAL THAT GETS PASSED ON FROM PARENT TO OFFSPRING AND DIRECT ALL OF THE CELLS FUNCTION LOCATED IN THE NUCLEUS RIBONUCLEIC ACID- RNA- PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PRODUCTION OF PROTEINS LOCATED IN THE CYTOPLASM AND NUCLEUS ASSESSMENT WRITE THE Q AND A WHAT IS A COMPOUND? EXAMPLE? NAME FOUR GROUPS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IMPORTANT TO LIVING THINGS WHAT ARE 3 IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS WATER PREFORMS IN CELLS? WHICH OF THE FOUR TYPES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS GIVE CELLS ENERGY? WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS? http://www.brainpop.com/science/matteran dchemistry/bodychemistry/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlif eandgenetics/dna/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlif eandgenetics/dna/