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KEYNOTE SPEAKER: Eric Kool Department of Chemistry, Stanford University http://web.stanford.edu/group/kool/kool.htm Kool's research interests lie in the interdisciplinary fields of organic chemistry, chemical biology, and biophysics. His work is aimed at gaining basic understanding of interactions and mechanisms involving nucleic acids, and applying this understanding to the design of new functionally useful molecules. Among his most important contributions include the development of DNA base mimics called "nonpolar nucleoside isosteres"; with these, his laboratory showed that Watson and Crick's hydrogen bonds in DNA were not needed for replication of base pairs. In biotechnology, Kool was one of the inventors of "rolling circle amplification" (RCA) and "rolling circle transcription" (RCT), which are isothermal DNA/RNA amplification methods widely used in the literature. Also important were Kool's early and ongoing developments in DNA-templated chemistry, a field that is now practiced in many labs worldwide; Kool was the first to demonstrate that such chemistry can be used in living cells for imaging RNAs. More recently his laboratory achieved important milestones in biomimetic chemistry as well: the first humandesigned DNA bases that function in a living cell, the first new genetic double helix (called "xDNA") in which all base pairs were designed, and the first use of unnatural genetic sets to encode a phenotype in a living organism INVITED SPEAKERS: Hiro Asanuma Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Nagoya University http://www.nubio.nagoya-u.ac.jp/seigyo1/research-e.html The focus in the Asanuma group is on bioinspired conjugates for chemical biology. The group is involved in the design and creation of new supramolecules that further exceed natural materials by learning how natural molecules function in life. They are now developing new tools for future biotechnology, nucleic acid drugs for next generation, and high-performance nano-materials by making full use of nucleic acid (DNA, RNA) and peptide. They also analyze their functions on the bases of structural biology and physical chemistry. Specific large scope projects include the areas of Photoresponsive oligonucleotide, highly sensitive fluorescent probe that can detect oligonucleotide sequence-specifically, and nano-cluster of organic functional molecules. Robert Campbell Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta http://campbellweb.chem.ualberta.ca/ The specific focus of the Campbell group is on the use of Protein Engineering for development of genetically encoded fluorescent labels and reporters for imaging and manipulation of biochemistry in living cells. Fluorescent proteins (FPs), such as the Aequorea jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP), are nearly ideal fluorescent labels because they can be expressed in a variety of different organisms and fused to many different proteins of interest with little or no effect on either proteins function. Reporters based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two engineered variants of GFP, a cyan FP (CFP) and a yellow FP (YFP), have found great utility in cell biology. An ideal complement to the numerous reporters of this type is a spectrally distinct red-shifted FRET pair that allows simultaneous imaging of two reporters to determine causal relationships between biochemical processes. Efforts to develop such a FRET pair, using both red-shifted FPs and in situ labeling strategies, is of major focus of the research group. An alternative reporter design of the group involves engineered FP variants in which binding of a small molecule directly modulates the fluorescence spectrum, carried out using Protein Engineering to create de novo sensors that can be tailored to detect any small molecule of interest. Marie-Paule Teulade Fichou Laboratory of Chemistry, Institut Curie http://umr176.curie.fr/en/profile/marie-paule-teulade-fichou-00204 The current focus of the Fichou group is on the design of new nucleic acids targeted drugs for anticancer research and for elucidating DNA-related molecular basis of cancer. The group is involved in the design of synthetic probes for structural recognition and fluorescent sensing of unusual DNA and RNA structures (quadruplexes, hairpins, mismatches). The first objective is to interfere with the binding and the processing of the related protein machineries (helicases, repair proteins, telomere capping proteins). In particular the conception of quadruplex ligands and telomerase inhibitors has constituted a central research topic in the last years. In fine the objective is to provide new nucleic acid targeted drugs for anticancer research and for elucidating DNA-related molecular basis of cancer. More recently new research for conception of new fluorescent probes for biphotonic microscopy has been initiated. Anita Jones School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh http://www.chem.ed.ac.uk/staff/academic-staff/professor-anita-c-jones The research of the Jones group is concerned with the study of molecular photophysics and photochemistry and the development and application of fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging. In particular, application of fluorescence methods to biomolecular systems is of interest. Current projects in the group include, a) probing DNA conformation and DNA-enzyme interactions, using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, b) quantitative spatial mapping of mixing, temperature, pH and other measurands in microfluidic (lab-on-a-chip) systems, using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), c) use of Ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of surface-bound protein, e.g. protein contamination on surgical instruments, d) development of advanced photonics for the study of biological systems, and e) investigation of the photoisomerisation of azo dyes, using NMR spectroscopy with in situ laser irradiation. Michal Lin Department of Chemistry, Stanford University http://web.stanford.edu/~mzlin/ The Lin lab applies biochemical and engineering principles to the development of protein-based tools for imaging and control of biochemical processes. Topics of investigation include fluorescent proteins structure and biophysics, fluorescent protein-based biosensors, neuronal activity sensors, spatiotemporal analysis of protein translation pathways, chemical control of protein translation, and light-responsive proteins. Nathan Luedtke Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich http://bioorganic-chemistry.com/research.html The Leudtke group works in the area of DNA chemical biology developing probes for characterizing the structure, function, and dynamics of nucleic acids in vivo. Work in the lab relies heavily upon the rational design and synthesis of new organic compounds and their metal-containing complexes. In some cases, novel synthetic methodologies are needed to realize target molecules. Photophysical and biophysical studies are used to characterize new fluorophores and their ability to report alternatively folded nucleic acids structures. The group also uses cell biology, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry as means to evaluate the efficacy and functional novelty of the developed compounds in cell cultures and in whole animals. A key aim of the research group has been search for G-quadruplexes in human cells, but the new tools developed in the laboratory are also readily utilized in mainstream chemical genomics analysis. Ben Zhong Tang Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology http://ihome.ust.hk/~tangbenz/ The Tang research group has been working on the development of new polymerization routes from alkyne reactions, and has succeeded in the syntheses of a number of new functional conjugated polymers from acetylenic monomers. The group also works in the area of aggregation-induced emission (AIE). In 2001, the group discovered an uncommon luminogen system, in which aggregation worked constructively, rather than destructively as in the conventional systems. They found that a series of silole derivatives were non-emissive in dilute solutions but became highly luminescent when their molecules were aggregated in concentrated solutions or cast into solid films. Since the light emission was induced by aggregate formation, they termed the process "aggregation-induced emission" (AIE). They have developed an alternative scheme based on AIE luminogens for selective detection and quantitative assay of CO2 gas. He Tian East China University of Science and Technology http://webmanage.ecust.edu.cn/s/230/t/262/a/57190/info.jspy The research interests of the Tian group include the syntheses of novel functional organic dyes and polymers as well as development of interdisciplinary materials science that determines the electronic and optical properties of materials. Yitzhak Tor Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego http://torgroup.ucsd.edu/ The Tor Group is focused on three main areas of research: a) understanding the structure of nucleic acids and developing novel binders targeting specific structures found in bacteria and viruses; b) discovering new fluorescent nucleotides to be used as a probe for understanding nucleic acid structure and function; and c) examining the delivery properties and cellular uptake of guanidinoglycosides. Marcus Wilhelmsson Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology https://www.chalmers.se/en/staff/Pages/marcus-wilhelmsson.aspx The Wilhelmsson group develops molecules that can be used to replace the natural DNA/RNA building blocks, the bases, and unlike the bases, which are transparent, has properties that make them fluorescent (emit light) when they are hit by light of the correct colour (300-500 nm). These so called fluorescent base analogues have molecular properties that are optimal for insertion into the natural DNA/RNA structure. They can therefore be used to, on a very detailed level, understand more about essential processes in cells like replication, during cell division, and transcription, during protein synthesis. Fundamental knowledge thereof is vital in order to comprehend cellular processes and errors that could occur and cause several common diseases. One of the goals is to design and construct new fluorescent base analogues that can replace all the natural bases. Another goal is to use the novel fluorescent base analogues, to make them available for other researchers as well as to develop biochemical/biophysical/biological methods where the probes can be used. Dan Yang Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University https://dylab.wordpress.com/ Research interests of the Yang group include synthetic organic chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, and chemical biology. The group developed a mild and general method for epoxidation of olefins using dioxiranes generated in situ from ketones and Oxone. They also developed chiral ketone catalysts for highly enantioselective epoxidation of unfunctionalized transolefins and trisubstituted olefins through steric and electronic tuning. The group discovered a novel method for selective oxidation of unactivated C-H bonds at d sites of ketones, and found that activated ketones and aldehydes could catalyze the decomposition of peroxynitrite (a potent oxidant generated in cells from nitric oxide and superoxide ion). The current focus is to develop highly specific and sensitive fluorescent probes for the detection of peroxynitrite and other reactive oxygen species in cells. A second area of research involves aminoxy acids as building blocks of foldamers. The group discovered a new series of peptidomimetics based on aminoxy acids (a class of unnatural amino acids). The group discovered a series of small molecules that self-assemble into ion channels for selective transport of cations or anions. The current focus is to explore the biomedical applications of those synthetic ion channels (such as chloride channels and potassium channels). Finally, the group is probing the interactions of triptolide with its cellular receptors, which will lead to better understanding of cell growth regulation and immune responses as well as discovery of new anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive drugs.