Enzyme Substrates and Assays
... Handbook: A Guide to Fluorescent Probes and Labeling Technologies The Probes Handbook: A Guide to Fluorescent Probes and Labeling Technologies ...
... Handbook: A Guide to Fluorescent Probes and Labeling Technologies The Probes Handbook: A Guide to Fluorescent Probes and Labeling Technologies ...
Barley Aleurone Cells Contain Two Types of
... not been exposed to GA have a lumenal pH near neutrality, whereas the lumen of protein storage vacuoles treated with GA is acidified to pH 5.5 or below (Swanson and Jones, 1996). Because GA does not increase the amount of V-ATPase or V-PPase in the protein storage vacuole tonoplast, a GAstimulated i ...
... not been exposed to GA have a lumenal pH near neutrality, whereas the lumen of protein storage vacuoles treated with GA is acidified to pH 5.5 or below (Swanson and Jones, 1996). Because GA does not increase the amount of V-ATPase or V-PPase in the protein storage vacuole tonoplast, a GAstimulated i ...
Direct Interaction between Survivin and Smac/DIABLO Is Essential
... fragments coding for wild type Survivin, for mutant Survivin (SurvD71R) with a point mutation at amino acid residue 71, for the truncated Survivin (Surv-BIR) lacking its C-terminal and Smac/DIABLO were also cloned into pEGFP-C1 plasmid, respectively. In addition, the gene fragments (reacted by PCR f ...
... fragments coding for wild type Survivin, for mutant Survivin (SurvD71R) with a point mutation at amino acid residue 71, for the truncated Survivin (Surv-BIR) lacking its C-terminal and Smac/DIABLO were also cloned into pEGFP-C1 plasmid, respectively. In addition, the gene fragments (reacted by PCR f ...
Random Mutagenesis of Luciola mingrelica Firefly Luciferase
... Abstract—Most firefly luciferases demonstrate a strong pH-dependence of bioluminescence spectra. Gene region encoding first 225 residues of Luciola mingrelica luciferase was subjected to random mutagenesis, and four mutants with altered pHsensitivity of bioluminescence spectra were isolated. F16L su ...
... Abstract—Most firefly luciferases demonstrate a strong pH-dependence of bioluminescence spectra. Gene region encoding first 225 residues of Luciola mingrelica luciferase was subjected to random mutagenesis, and four mutants with altered pHsensitivity of bioluminescence spectra were isolated. F16L su ...
... These findings, and the accompanying models they have produced, have led to an intense interest in characterizing ER/Golgi trafficking in plant cells. The development and application of green fluorescent protein (GFP) technology has provided an important new approach to the characterization of prote ...
The Plant Membrane-Associated REMORIN1.3 Accumulates in
... SYNAPTOTAGMIN1 (SYT1) peripheral membrane proteins localized to undetermined subcellular compartments around haustoria in P. infestans-plant interactions (Lu et al., 2012). Whether the differential accumulation of membrane proteins at the EHM is due to interference with the lateral diffusion of prot ...
... SYNAPTOTAGMIN1 (SYT1) peripheral membrane proteins localized to undetermined subcellular compartments around haustoria in P. infestans-plant interactions (Lu et al., 2012). Whether the differential accumulation of membrane proteins at the EHM is due to interference with the lateral diffusion of prot ...
Transcription factor Sp3 is silenced through - IMT
... et al., 2001). In the course of these studies we realized that this lysine lies within a motif (IKEE, amino acids 422±425 according to Kingsley and Winoto, 1992) that could act as a target for SUMO modi®cation (Melchior, 2000). SUMO-modi®ed proteins have an ~20 kDa higher apparent molecular weight c ...
... et al., 2001). In the course of these studies we realized that this lysine lies within a motif (IKEE, amino acids 422±425 according to Kingsley and Winoto, 1992) that could act as a target for SUMO modi®cation (Melchior, 2000). SUMO-modi®ed proteins have an ~20 kDa higher apparent molecular weight c ...
Differential recruitment of Dishevelled provides signaling specificity
... dicating a differential activity of Dsh in the two pathways. We therefore cloned the dsh1 allele, and found a single amino acid substitution of M for K at position 417 (Fig. 3). This residue is conserved among the dsh homologs so far isolated, and is conserved moderately among the recognized DEP dom ...
... dicating a differential activity of Dsh in the two pathways. We therefore cloned the dsh1 allele, and found a single amino acid substitution of M for K at position 417 (Fig. 3). This residue is conserved among the dsh homologs so far isolated, and is conserved moderately among the recognized DEP dom ...
Two nearly identical terpene synthases catalyze the
... Figure 2. Relatedness of AmNES/LIS proteins to other terpene synthases. (a) Alignment of AmNES/LIS-1 (GenBank accession no. EF433761) and AmNES/LIS-2 (GenBank accession no. EF433762) predicted amino acid sequences with snapdragon myrcene synthase (AAO41726), (E)-b-ocimene synthase (AAO42614), strawb ...
... Figure 2. Relatedness of AmNES/LIS proteins to other terpene synthases. (a) Alignment of AmNES/LIS-1 (GenBank accession no. EF433761) and AmNES/LIS-2 (GenBank accession no. EF433762) predicted amino acid sequences with snapdragon myrcene synthase (AAO41726), (E)-b-ocimene synthase (AAO42614), strawb ...
1-Michelle_Stone_thesis
... single axon that sends signals to other neurons or muscle cells, and multiple dendrites that receive signals from other neurons. Because of this intrinsic polarity, different proteins and organelles must ...
... single axon that sends signals to other neurons or muscle cells, and multiple dendrites that receive signals from other neurons. Because of this intrinsic polarity, different proteins and organelles must ...
A direct role for Sox10 in specification of neural crest
... satellite glia in the DRGs, but was absent from Hu+ cells within. Expression in peripheral glia was strongly maintained to 10 dpf in posterior lateral line nerve Schwann cells (data not shown). Similar GFP expression patterns have been observed in multiple other sox10 transgenic lines (T.J.C., J. Du ...
... satellite glia in the DRGs, but was absent from Hu+ cells within. Expression in peripheral glia was strongly maintained to 10 dpf in posterior lateral line nerve Schwann cells (data not shown). Similar GFP expression patterns have been observed in multiple other sox10 transgenic lines (T.J.C., J. Du ...
SCARFACE Encodes an ARF-GAP That Is Required for Normal
... from roots, where AGD2 expression is high. Primers used for this analysis were located 59 of the T-DNA insertion, and we found reduced transcript levels (63%). For analysis of agd4, we used RNA prepared from cotyledons, where AGD4 expression is high. In this case, primers were located 39 of the inse ...
... from roots, where AGD2 expression is high. Primers used for this analysis were located 59 of the T-DNA insertion, and we found reduced transcript levels (63%). For analysis of agd4, we used RNA prepared from cotyledons, where AGD4 expression is high. In this case, primers were located 39 of the inse ...
Evidence for chloroplast control of external Ca -induced
... Figure 1(d), 2 mM CaCl2 induced stomatal closure within 2 h in wild-type Arabidopsis. On the other hand, [Ca2+]extinduced stomatal closure was completely impaired in cas-1 (Figure 1d) and cas-2 (Figure S3) mutant alleles. This is consistent with a previous report that [Ca2+]ext-induced stomatal clos ...
... Figure 1(d), 2 mM CaCl2 induced stomatal closure within 2 h in wild-type Arabidopsis. On the other hand, [Ca2+]extinduced stomatal closure was completely impaired in cas-1 (Figure 1d) and cas-2 (Figure S3) mutant alleles. This is consistent with a previous report that [Ca2+]ext-induced stomatal clos ...
Do All Jellyfish Sting?
... produce only one ephyra (baby jellyfish, or more accurately, larval jellyfish) at a time, most produce more. Moon jellyfish typically produce about 7-12 per strobila, while sea nettles typically produce about 50. Future environmental conditions are unpredictable, such that temperature, salinity, and ...
... produce only one ephyra (baby jellyfish, or more accurately, larval jellyfish) at a time, most produce more. Moon jellyfish typically produce about 7-12 per strobila, while sea nettles typically produce about 50. Future environmental conditions are unpredictable, such that temperature, salinity, and ...
Discrete Domains Mediate the Light-Responsive
... COP1. Classical NLSs consist of clusters of basic residues. There are only two clusters of basic amino acids within the core domain, which is responsible for nuclear localization. It was hypothesized that each of these basic clusters might contribute to the nuclear localization of COP1, according to ...
... COP1. Classical NLSs consist of clusters of basic residues. There are only two clusters of basic amino acids within the core domain, which is responsible for nuclear localization. It was hypothesized that each of these basic clusters might contribute to the nuclear localization of COP1, according to ...
Protein phosphatase 1 down regulates ZYG
... Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a major cellular phosphatase that plays well-characterized roles in diverse processes including glycogen metabolism, circadian rhythms and cell division. Humans possess a single PP1α gene, a single PP1β gene (also known as PP1δ) and a singl ...
... Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a major cellular phosphatase that plays well-characterized roles in diverse processes including glycogen metabolism, circadian rhythms and cell division. Humans possess a single PP1α gene, a single PP1β gene (also known as PP1δ) and a singl ...
Dendritic refinement of an identified neuron in the
... 2001). In order to test the role of activity, we silenced the CSDn by targeted expression of the inward rectifying human K+ channel Kir2.1 (also known as KCNJ2 and IRK1 – Human Genome Nomenclature Database), which hyperpolarizes membrane potential (Baines et al., 2001). In these animals, development ...
... 2001). In order to test the role of activity, we silenced the CSDn by targeted expression of the inward rectifying human K+ channel Kir2.1 (also known as KCNJ2 and IRK1 – Human Genome Nomenclature Database), which hyperpolarizes membrane potential (Baines et al., 2001). In these animals, development ...
Cytolysin-dependent delay of vacuole maturation in
... with CFP- or YFP-Rab7 between 5 and 30 min after infection (Fig. 4B and C). The Ip/Ic ratios for vacuoles containing hly Lm were approximately 1.5 from 5 to 30 min after infection (Fig. 4B). Intact vacuoles containing wild-type Lm (CBD-negative) displayed Ip/Ic ratios of 1.5–2.2 (Fig. 4C). The level ...
... with CFP- or YFP-Rab7 between 5 and 30 min after infection (Fig. 4B and C). The Ip/Ic ratios for vacuoles containing hly Lm were approximately 1.5 from 5 to 30 min after infection (Fig. 4B). Intact vacuoles containing wild-type Lm (CBD-negative) displayed Ip/Ic ratios of 1.5–2.2 (Fig. 4C). The level ...
and Fibrinogen-Dependent Mechanisms Contribute to Platelet
... factors in the development of infective endocarditis. Previous studies have identified clumping factor A (ClfA) and fibronectin binding proteins A and B (FnBPA and FnBPB) as potent platelet aggregators. These proteins are able to stimulate rapid platelet aggregation by either a fibrinogen- or a fibr ...
... factors in the development of infective endocarditis. Previous studies have identified clumping factor A (ClfA) and fibronectin binding proteins A and B (FnBPA and FnBPB) as potent platelet aggregators. These proteins are able to stimulate rapid platelet aggregation by either a fibrinogen- or a fibr ...
Chapter 16—Probes for Endocytosis, Receptors and Ion Channels
... 16.1 Probes for Following Receptor Binding and Phagocytosis The plasma membrane defines the inside and outside of the cell. It not only encloses the cytosol to maintain the intracellular environment but also serves as a formidable barrier to the extracellular environment. Because cells require input ...
... 16.1 Probes for Following Receptor Binding and Phagocytosis The plasma membrane defines the inside and outside of the cell. It not only encloses the cytosol to maintain the intracellular environment but also serves as a formidable barrier to the extracellular environment. Because cells require input ...
p62/SQSTM1 Binds Directly to Atg8/LC3 to Facilitate Degradation of
... during the late steps of autophagy after the isolation membrane has formed (3). In humans, three LC3 isoforms (LC3A, -B, and -C) and four additional human Atg8 homologues have been identified (GABARAP, GEC1/GABARAPL1, GATE16/GABARAPL2, and GABARAPL3) (10, 11). The role(s) of the GABARAP isoforms in ...
... during the late steps of autophagy after the isolation membrane has formed (3). In humans, three LC3 isoforms (LC3A, -B, and -C) and four additional human Atg8 homologues have been identified (GABARAP, GEC1/GABARAPL1, GATE16/GABARAPL2, and GABARAPL3) (10, 11). The role(s) of the GABARAP isoforms in ...
Bring Inquiry into Your Classroom with the pGLO Plasmid - Bio-Rad
... in three different concentrations in the agar medium, alter gene expression in transformed E. coli cells? CONCLUSIONS: •The mutagen did not mutate the plasmid DNA since bacteria colonies on all plates were are able to survive on medium containing ampicillin and glowed green under UV light despite th ...
... in three different concentrations in the agar medium, alter gene expression in transformed E. coli cells? CONCLUSIONS: •The mutagen did not mutate the plasmid DNA since bacteria colonies on all plates were are able to survive on medium containing ampicillin and glowed green under UV light despite th ...
Further analysis on lidocaine-induced increase in intracellular Zn2+
... Milimolar concentrations (1–10 mM) of lidocaine significantly increased the intensity of FluoZin-3 in a concentration-dependent manner (Fig. 1). The result indicated the lidocaine-induced increase in intracellular Zn2+ concentration (Nishimura and Oyama, 2010; Kimura et al., 2011). Removal of extern ...
... Milimolar concentrations (1–10 mM) of lidocaine significantly increased the intensity of FluoZin-3 in a concentration-dependent manner (Fig. 1). The result indicated the lidocaine-induced increase in intracellular Zn2+ concentration (Nishimura and Oyama, 2010; Kimura et al., 2011). Removal of extern ...
Myosin XIK is a major player in cytoplasm dynamics and is regulated
... An Olympus IX81/FV500 laser-scanning microscope was used to observe fluorescently labelled cells with the following filter sets: for eGFP, 488 nm excitation, and BA505–525 were used; for monomeric red fluorescent prtoein (mRFP), ...
... An Olympus IX81/FV500 laser-scanning microscope was used to observe fluorescently labelled cells with the following filter sets: for eGFP, 488 nm excitation, and BA505–525 were used; for monomeric red fluorescent prtoein (mRFP), ...
Improvement of Aspergillus nidulans penicillin production by
... description of the inhibition of bacteria through Penicillium notatum cultures to the first human trials or even general application of the antibiotic, many years of research passed. One of the major problems at the time was the yield of penicillin. Even nowadays increasing the yield of penicillin pr ...
... description of the inhibition of bacteria through Penicillium notatum cultures to the first human trials or even general application of the antibiotic, many years of research passed. One of the major problems at the time was the yield of penicillin. Even nowadays increasing the yield of penicillin pr ...
Green fluorescent protein
The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein composed of 238 amino acid residues (26.9 kDa) that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range. Although many other marine organisms have similar green fluorescent proteins, GFP traditionally refers to the protein first isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. The GFP from A. victoria has a major excitation peak at a wavelength of 395 nm and a minor one at 475 nm. Its emission peak is at 509 nm, which is in the lower green portion of the visible spectrum. The fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of GFP is 0.79. The GFP from the sea pansy (Renilla reniformis) has a single major excitation peak at 498 nm.In cell and molecular biology, the GFP gene is frequently used as a reporter of expression. In modified forms it has been used to make biosensors, and many animals have been created that express GFP as a proof-of-concept that a gene can be expressed throughout a given organism. The GFP gene can be introduced into organisms and maintained in their genome through breeding, injection with a viral vector, or cell transformation. To date, the GFP gene has been introduced and expressed in many Bacteria, Yeast and other Fungi, fish (such as zebrafish), plant, fly, and mammalian cells, including human. Martin Chalfie, Osamu Shimomura, and Roger Y. Tsien were awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry on 10 October 2008 for their discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein.