Regulation of the Intermediate Filament Protein Nestin at Rodent
... microcentrifuge tube. All statements about differences in labeling intensity come from side-by-side microscopic examination of the material using the same illumination conditions, camera gains, and exposure times. Unless noted otherwise, the intensity differences could be discerned without effort, a ...
... microcentrifuge tube. All statements about differences in labeling intensity come from side-by-side microscopic examination of the material using the same illumination conditions, camera gains, and exposure times. Unless noted otherwise, the intensity differences could be discerned without effort, a ...
Fluorescence assay for monitoring Zn
... produces the potent cytotoxin and nitrating agent peroxynitrite. NO is a small, uncharged molecule, which can readily enter the active site of SOD1 and can actually shift the equilibrium in favor of superoxide production from Cu(I) /SOD1 and oxygen; the net result is a ‘peroxynitrite synthase’ acti ...
... produces the potent cytotoxin and nitrating agent peroxynitrite. NO is a small, uncharged molecule, which can readily enter the active site of SOD1 and can actually shift the equilibrium in favor of superoxide production from Cu(I) /SOD1 and oxygen; the net result is a ‘peroxynitrite synthase’ acti ...
articles - Saleh Lab
... pharmacological evidence suggests that dsRNA entry is mediated by pattern-recognition receptors. The possible role of these receptors in dsRNA entry may link RNA interference (RNAi) silencing to other innate immune responses. RNAi is a highly conserved dsRNA-guided mechanism that mediates sequence-s ...
... pharmacological evidence suggests that dsRNA entry is mediated by pattern-recognition receptors. The possible role of these receptors in dsRNA entry may link RNA interference (RNAi) silencing to other innate immune responses. RNAi is a highly conserved dsRNA-guided mechanism that mediates sequence-s ...
Altered morphology produced by ftsZ expression in
... lethal and leads to filamentation (Honrubia et al., 1998) whereas ftsZCg overexpression in E. coli leads to the creation of deleted and innocuous variants of FtsZCg (Honrubia et al., 2005). In order to study the effect of multiple copies of ftsZCg in C. glutamicum, the bifunctional plasmid pBZ81 [a ...
... lethal and leads to filamentation (Honrubia et al., 1998) whereas ftsZCg overexpression in E. coli leads to the creation of deleted and innocuous variants of FtsZCg (Honrubia et al., 2005). In order to study the effect of multiple copies of ftsZCg in C. glutamicum, the bifunctional plasmid pBZ81 [a ...
Salt tolerance (STO), a stress-related protein, has a major role in
... Staiger, 2005), therefore experiments under continuous light were performed. Three-week-old plants entrained in 12-h light/dark cycles were transferred to continuous light at the end of the daily dark phase, and samples were taken for RNA analysis at different time points during the subjective day/ ...
... Staiger, 2005), therefore experiments under continuous light were performed. Three-week-old plants entrained in 12-h light/dark cycles were transferred to continuous light at the end of the daily dark phase, and samples were taken for RNA analysis at different time points during the subjective day/ ...
Localization of Ptr ToxA Produced by Pyrenophora tritici
... that GFP does not enter cells in the ToxA þ GFP coinfiltration control (Figure 3D) indicate that ToxA enters the cell without disruption of the membrane. Additionally, the mechanism of ToxA entry into the cell is robust enough to carry a GFP fusion tag along. GFP-ToxA persists inside of sensitive me ...
... that GFP does not enter cells in the ToxA þ GFP coinfiltration control (Figure 3D) indicate that ToxA enters the cell without disruption of the membrane. Additionally, the mechanism of ToxA entry into the cell is robust enough to carry a GFP fusion tag along. GFP-ToxA persists inside of sensitive me ...
Detecting Peptidases and Proteases
... the nonfluorescent bisamide substrate is converted in a two-step process first to the fluorescent monoamide and then to the even more fluorescent R110 (Figure 10.52). The fluorescence intensities of the monoamide and of R110 are constant from pH 3–9. Both of these hydrolysis products exhibit spectra ...
... the nonfluorescent bisamide substrate is converted in a two-step process first to the fluorescent monoamide and then to the even more fluorescent R110 (Figure 10.52). The fluorescence intensities of the monoamide and of R110 are constant from pH 3–9. Both of these hydrolysis products exhibit spectra ...
Genetics of C. elegans Myt1 ortholog wee-1.3
... Dephosphorylation of these residues constitutes the major mitotic entry signal in eukaryotes. In fission yeast, Y15 of Cdc2p is phosphorylated by the Wee1p and Mik1p kinases (Lundgren et al., 1991), while dephosphorylation is carried out by the Cdc25p phosphatase (Russell and Nurse, 1986; Berry and ...
... Dephosphorylation of these residues constitutes the major mitotic entry signal in eukaryotes. In fission yeast, Y15 of Cdc2p is phosphorylated by the Wee1p and Mik1p kinases (Lundgren et al., 1991), while dephosphorylation is carried out by the Cdc25p phosphatase (Russell and Nurse, 1986; Berry and ...
Direct interaction of iron-regulated surface
... surface determinant (Isd) proteins to capture haem from haemoglobin and transport it into the cell (Skaar et al., 2004; Skaar & Schneewind, 2004). Two of the Isd proteins, IsdA and IsdH, are known to have other biological functions. IsdA interacts with an array of host proteins, and expression of Is ...
... surface determinant (Isd) proteins to capture haem from haemoglobin and transport it into the cell (Skaar et al., 2004; Skaar & Schneewind, 2004). Two of the Isd proteins, IsdA and IsdH, are known to have other biological functions. IsdA interacts with an array of host proteins, and expression of Is ...
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... rescue some of the facial cartilage defects of tbx1 mutants, yet the observed rescue is mild and restoration of pouch morphology was not examined (Piotrowski et al., 2003). By using a transgenic strategy to reintroduce Tbx1 and its putative effectors into the mesoderm and/or endoderm of zebrafish, w ...
... rescue some of the facial cartilage defects of tbx1 mutants, yet the observed rescue is mild and restoration of pouch morphology was not examined (Piotrowski et al., 2003). By using a transgenic strategy to reintroduce Tbx1 and its putative effectors into the mesoderm and/or endoderm of zebrafish, w ...
Responses to Cell Loss Become Restricted as the Supporting Cells
... LatA treatments is specific to mammalian SCs that have matured and grown thick junctional actin bands, we cultured utricles from newborn (P0) mice and newly hatched (P0) chicks with 5 M LatA and fixed groups of these cultures at 1, 12, and 24 h. In sharp contrast to the LatA resistance of the F-act ...
... LatA treatments is specific to mammalian SCs that have matured and grown thick junctional actin bands, we cultured utricles from newborn (P0) mice and newly hatched (P0) chicks with 5 M LatA and fixed groups of these cultures at 1, 12, and 24 h. In sharp contrast to the LatA resistance of the F-act ...
A B23-interacting sequence as a tool to visualize protein interactions
... factor NF-E2 composed of MafG and p45 NF-E2 (Tramier et al., 2002), NF-E2 is redirected from the nucleoplasm to the GC of the nucleoli. Thus, here we demonstrate the capability to relocalize nuclear complexes by adding an affinity for B23 to one subunit of the complex, and therefore we propose that ...
... factor NF-E2 composed of MafG and p45 NF-E2 (Tramier et al., 2002), NF-E2 is redirected from the nucleoplasm to the GC of the nucleoli. Thus, here we demonstrate the capability to relocalize nuclear complexes by adding an affinity for B23 to one subunit of the complex, and therefore we propose that ...
Towards evolving a better repressor
... signaling inside the cell. For organisms to successfully regulate various cellular processes, each process must contain regulatory components specific for that pathway. In addition to specificity, the affinity between the repressor and its operator is also important. This affinity must be sufficient ...
... signaling inside the cell. For organisms to successfully regulate various cellular processes, each process must contain regulatory components specific for that pathway. In addition to specificity, the affinity between the repressor and its operator is also important. This affinity must be sufficient ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and Golgi Bodies Behave as
... characterized. A widely accepted model for ER-to-Golgi transport is based on the sequential action of COPII and COPI coat complexes. The COPII complex assembles by the ordered recruitment of cytosolic components on the ER membrane. Here, we have visualized two early components of the COPII machinery ...
... characterized. A widely accepted model for ER-to-Golgi transport is based on the sequential action of COPII and COPI coat complexes. The COPII complex assembles by the ordered recruitment of cytosolic components on the ER membrane. Here, we have visualized two early components of the COPII machinery ...
SKIP controls lysosome positioning using a composite kinesin
... lanes 1,2). Cit-KHC was bound (lane 4) and efficiently depleted from cell extracts (compare lanes 2 and 6) using GFP-TRAP beads. HA-KLC2 co-immunprecipitated with Cit-KHC, but not GFP (lanes 3,4), resulting in its total depletion from the cell extracts (compare lanes 2 and 6). Together, these data s ...
... lanes 1,2). Cit-KHC was bound (lane 4) and efficiently depleted from cell extracts (compare lanes 2 and 6) using GFP-TRAP beads. HA-KLC2 co-immunprecipitated with Cit-KHC, but not GFP (lanes 3,4), resulting in its total depletion from the cell extracts (compare lanes 2 and 6). Together, these data s ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and Golgi Bodies Behave as
... characterized. A widely accepted model for ER-to-Golgi transport is based on the sequential action of COPII and COPI coat complexes. The COPII complex assembles by the ordered recruitment of cytosolic components on the ER membrane. Here, we have visualized two early components of the COPII machinery ...
... characterized. A widely accepted model for ER-to-Golgi transport is based on the sequential action of COPII and COPI coat complexes. The COPII complex assembles by the ordered recruitment of cytosolic components on the ER membrane. Here, we have visualized two early components of the COPII machinery ...
Characterization of a Bacillus anthracis spore coat
... Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved ...
... Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved ...
Leica Microsystems – a Tradition of Innovation
... human eye. A breakthrough in cell biology is the successful imaging of the smallest cell structures using "Green Fluorescent Proteins," abbreviated as GFP, CFP, YFP, RFP etc. The DNA of GFP, which was discovered in a green fluorescent jellyfish in 1994, is fused to gene sequences and introduced to t ...
... human eye. A breakthrough in cell biology is the successful imaging of the smallest cell structures using "Green Fluorescent Proteins," abbreviated as GFP, CFP, YFP, RFP etc. The DNA of GFP, which was discovered in a green fluorescent jellyfish in 1994, is fused to gene sequences and introduced to t ...
title of the thesis - UWSpace
... Among metazoans gastrulation is a highly conserved stage of development that establishes the triploblastic architecture of the embryo. Due to the well characterized cell and tissue movements, Xenopus laevis embryos are a widely used model to study the molecular processes that regulate gastrulation. ...
... Among metazoans gastrulation is a highly conserved stage of development that establishes the triploblastic architecture of the embryo. Due to the well characterized cell and tissue movements, Xenopus laevis embryos are a widely used model to study the molecular processes that regulate gastrulation. ...
Investigating the role of papain-like cysteine protease RD21 in plant
... Whereas, C1B family members are localised in the cytoplasm and do not contain disulfide bridges (Rawlings et al., 2006). Plants only have C1A subfamily proteases (Van der Hoorn, 2008). Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) belong to the family C1 of clan CA. PLCPs show the typical papain-like fold ...
... Whereas, C1B family members are localised in the cytoplasm and do not contain disulfide bridges (Rawlings et al., 2006). Plants only have C1A subfamily proteases (Van der Hoorn, 2008). Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) belong to the family C1 of clan CA. PLCPs show the typical papain-like fold ...
Endocytic membrane fusion and buckling
... It has been proposed that the fusion of organelles with the furrow PM is important during the resolution of the ICB (Baluska et al., 2006). However, the function and timing of these fusion events remain controversial. Some studies suggest that asymmetric and synchronous fusion of secretory organelle ...
... It has been proposed that the fusion of organelles with the furrow PM is important during the resolution of the ICB (Baluska et al., 2006). However, the function and timing of these fusion events remain controversial. Some studies suggest that asymmetric and synchronous fusion of secretory organelle ...
Neural control of hepatic lipid metabolism: A (patho - UvA-DARE
... donkey anti-rabbit IgG (both at 1:500; Invitrogen) for 2 hours at room temperature. The sections were washed several times, mounted on gelatin coated slides, dehydrated in graded alcohols, cleared in xylenes for 1 minute and coverslipped. To determine whether all GFP immunoreactive (GFP-ir) structur ...
... donkey anti-rabbit IgG (both at 1:500; Invitrogen) for 2 hours at room temperature. The sections were washed several times, mounted on gelatin coated slides, dehydrated in graded alcohols, cleared in xylenes for 1 minute and coverslipped. To determine whether all GFP immunoreactive (GFP-ir) structur ...
Acquisition, Conservation, and Loss of Dual
... occurring, evident in P. patens as well as rice and Arabidopsis. The loss of dual-targeting ability appears to be rare, but does occur. Ascorbate peroxidase represents such an example. After gene duplication in rice, individual genes encode proteins that are targeted to a single organelle. Although ...
... occurring, evident in P. patens as well as rice and Arabidopsis. The loss of dual-targeting ability appears to be rare, but does occur. Ascorbate peroxidase represents such an example. After gene duplication in rice, individual genes encode proteins that are targeted to a single organelle. Although ...
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... signals, including those from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Signals from the ECM are received by cell surface receptors, including the integrin family. Previously, we have shown that Drosophila integrins form adhesion complexes with Integrin-linked kinase and talin in the peripheral nerve glia and ...
... signals, including those from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Signals from the ECM are received by cell surface receptors, including the integrin family. Previously, we have shown that Drosophila integrins form adhesion complexes with Integrin-linked kinase and talin in the peripheral nerve glia and ...
Identification of proteins localized to the contractile vacuole of
... bloodstream, acidic phagolysosomes, and host cell cytosol. Thus, the parasites have mechanisms to respond to both hypo-osmotic and hyper-osmotic stresses. The contractile vacuole complex is an osmoregulatory organelle, which controls intracellular water balance by accumulating excess water and expel ...
... bloodstream, acidic phagolysosomes, and host cell cytosol. Thus, the parasites have mechanisms to respond to both hypo-osmotic and hyper-osmotic stresses. The contractile vacuole complex is an osmoregulatory organelle, which controls intracellular water balance by accumulating excess water and expel ...
Green fluorescent protein
The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein composed of 238 amino acid residues (26.9 kDa) that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range. Although many other marine organisms have similar green fluorescent proteins, GFP traditionally refers to the protein first isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. The GFP from A. victoria has a major excitation peak at a wavelength of 395 nm and a minor one at 475 nm. Its emission peak is at 509 nm, which is in the lower green portion of the visible spectrum. The fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of GFP is 0.79. The GFP from the sea pansy (Renilla reniformis) has a single major excitation peak at 498 nm.In cell and molecular biology, the GFP gene is frequently used as a reporter of expression. In modified forms it has been used to make biosensors, and many animals have been created that express GFP as a proof-of-concept that a gene can be expressed throughout a given organism. The GFP gene can be introduced into organisms and maintained in their genome through breeding, injection with a viral vector, or cell transformation. To date, the GFP gene has been introduced and expressed in many Bacteria, Yeast and other Fungi, fish (such as zebrafish), plant, fly, and mammalian cells, including human. Martin Chalfie, Osamu Shimomura, and Roger Y. Tsien were awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry on 10 October 2008 for their discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein.