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... Expression of the Sprouty gene family in the developing hindbrain In the zebrafish embryo, expression of spry1, spry2 and spry4 has been reported in the midbrain-hindbrain region at midsomitogenesis stages (Furthauer et al., 2001; Furthauer et al., 2002; Furthauer et al., 2004; Komisarczuk et al., 2 ...
... Expression of the Sprouty gene family in the developing hindbrain In the zebrafish embryo, expression of spry1, spry2 and spry4 has been reported in the midbrain-hindbrain region at midsomitogenesis stages (Furthauer et al., 2001; Furthauer et al., 2002; Furthauer et al., 2004; Komisarczuk et al., 2 ...
effects of il-10 overexpression, by means of non-viral gene - Hal-Riip
... molecules is upregulated after CNS damage. Accordingly, interleukin-10 (IL-10), a cytokine with a strong antiinflammatory nature (Moore et al. 2001; Strle et al. 2001), is upregulated in CNS pathologies such as multiple sclerosis (Hulshof et al. 2002) and in different experimental models of CNS inju ...
... molecules is upregulated after CNS damage. Accordingly, interleukin-10 (IL-10), a cytokine with a strong antiinflammatory nature (Moore et al. 2001; Strle et al. 2001), is upregulated in CNS pathologies such as multiple sclerosis (Hulshof et al. 2002) and in different experimental models of CNS inju ...
... Polar transport–dependent local accumulation of auxin provides positional cues for multiple plant patterning processes. This directional auxin flow depends on the polar subcellular localization of the PIN auxin efflux regulators. Overexpression of the PINOID protein kinase induces a basal-toapical s ...
The Plant Cell - Semantic Scholar
... green chloroplasts and therefore can be used for mitochondrial localization together with the mitochondria-specific fluorescent probe MitoTracker. When SC cells were transformed with the GFP gene fused to the presequences from FtsH1, FtsH6, FtsH7, FtsH8, FtsH9, FtsH11, and FtsH12, the green fluoresc ...
... green chloroplasts and therefore can be used for mitochondrial localization together with the mitochondria-specific fluorescent probe MitoTracker. When SC cells were transformed with the GFP gene fused to the presequences from FtsH1, FtsH6, FtsH7, FtsH8, FtsH9, FtsH11, and FtsH12, the green fluoresc ...
A C-terminus Mitochondrial-localization Region and BH3 Domain of
... Activation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members results in mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and releases pro-death factors, such as cytochrome-c, into the cytoplasm (Figure 1; Cory & Adams 2002; Li et al. 1997; Yoshida et al. 1998). Once released into the cytoplasm, cytochrome-c fo ...
... Activation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members results in mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and releases pro-death factors, such as cytochrome-c, into the cytoplasm (Figure 1; Cory & Adams 2002; Li et al. 1997; Yoshida et al. 1998). Once released into the cytoplasm, cytochrome-c fo ...
DORNRÖSCHEN is a direct target of the auxin response factor
... cotyledon phenotype, which is observed in up to 10% of drn single mutant seedlings and in 30% of drn drnl double mutant seedlings, with an additional 20% of drn drnl seedlings showing postgermination basal domain defects. Genetically, DRN and DRNL are highly redundant during embryonic patterning (Ch ...
... cotyledon phenotype, which is observed in up to 10% of drn single mutant seedlings and in 30% of drn drnl double mutant seedlings, with an additional 20% of drn drnl seedlings showing postgermination basal domain defects. Genetically, DRN and DRNL are highly redundant during embryonic patterning (Ch ...
Fast STED microscopy
... Leica Microsystems, Germany). A symmetrical STED light distribution with a zero-intensity point of less than 1% on the optical axis was obtained in the focal plane by imposing circular polarizations to both STED beams in the back-aperture of the objective lens using a carefully oriented and tilted q ...
... Leica Microsystems, Germany). A symmetrical STED light distribution with a zero-intensity point of less than 1% on the optical axis was obtained in the focal plane by imposing circular polarizations to both STED beams in the back-aperture of the objective lens using a carefully oriented and tilted q ...
ERK Nuclear Translocation Is Dimerization
... revealed that inactive and active ERK interact with nucleoporins via different domains; thus, both active and inactive ERK can be transported across the nuclear pore in an energy-independent fashion (18). However, it has also been proposed that active transport of ERK may also occur and that it requ ...
... revealed that inactive and active ERK interact with nucleoporins via different domains; thus, both active and inactive ERK can be transported across the nuclear pore in an energy-independent fashion (18). However, it has also been proposed that active transport of ERK may also occur and that it requ ...
Fast STED microscopy
... Leica Microsystems, Germany). A symmetrical STED light distribution with a zero-intensity point of less than 1% on the optical axis was obtained in the focal plane by imposing circular polarizations to both STED beams in the back-aperture of the objective lens using a carefully oriented and tilted q ...
... Leica Microsystems, Germany). A symmetrical STED light distribution with a zero-intensity point of less than 1% on the optical axis was obtained in the focal plane by imposing circular polarizations to both STED beams in the back-aperture of the objective lens using a carefully oriented and tilted q ...
1 METT-10, A Putative Methyltransferase, Inhibits Germ
... We confirmed that the suspected ectopic proliferating cells are cycling with the nucleotide analog, EdU, which labels replicating DNA in S-phase (SALIC and MITCHISON 2008). In wild type germ lines, a 3 hour EdU pulse labels most cells in the proliferative zone, but not in the adjacent meiotic regio ...
... We confirmed that the suspected ectopic proliferating cells are cycling with the nucleotide analog, EdU, which labels replicating DNA in S-phase (SALIC and MITCHISON 2008). In wild type germ lines, a 3 hour EdU pulse labels most cells in the proliferative zone, but not in the adjacent meiotic regio ...
C. elegans the L1 larval stage
... the study of neurobiology with one of the key benefits being a relatively simple nervous system which comprises of only 302 neurons. The Eph Receptors are a canonical class of axon guidance molecules and in C. elegans there is only Eph receptor VAB-1. To understand axon guidance it is useful to stud ...
... the study of neurobiology with one of the key benefits being a relatively simple nervous system which comprises of only 302 neurons. The Eph Receptors are a canonical class of axon guidance molecules and in C. elegans there is only Eph receptor VAB-1. To understand axon guidance it is useful to stud ...
Nuclear export signal located within the DNAbinding domain of the
... To con®rm that the STAT1 sequence of amino acids 369±436 contains a functional NES, we evaluated whether this region could promote nuclear exclusion of a heterologous protein, GFP. The small size of GFP, ~27 kDa, and the lack of an endogenous NLS or NES allows the protein to distribute between the n ...
... To con®rm that the STAT1 sequence of amino acids 369±436 contains a functional NES, we evaluated whether this region could promote nuclear exclusion of a heterologous protein, GFP. The small size of GFP, ~27 kDa, and the lack of an endogenous NLS or NES allows the protein to distribute between the n ...
Diarch Symmetry of the Vascular Bundle in
... in older parts of the root where GFP remains exclusively expressed in the pericycle associated with xylem poles (Fig. 2N). Unlike J0121, expression is more intense in young tissues and fades away progressively in older parts (Fig. 2I). In conclusion, expression of the GFP enhancer trap marker in bot ...
... in older parts of the root where GFP remains exclusively expressed in the pericycle associated with xylem poles (Fig. 2N). Unlike J0121, expression is more intense in young tissues and fades away progressively in older parts (Fig. 2I). In conclusion, expression of the GFP enhancer trap marker in bot ...
J., Schornack, S., Spallek, T., Geldner, N., Chory
... of the modern research on haustorial cell biology has focused so far on fungi, and plant pathogenic oomycetes have been neglected despite their diversity and economic importance (Thines and Kamoun, 2010). During later stages of the infection, fungal and oomycete haustoria are often encased by a doub ...
... of the modern research on haustorial cell biology has focused so far on fungi, and plant pathogenic oomycetes have been neglected despite their diversity and economic importance (Thines and Kamoun, 2010). During later stages of the infection, fungal and oomycete haustoria are often encased by a doub ...
- Wiley Online Library
... oxidative damages, reduced protein synthesis, increased autophagy, and a slower age-associated decline of DNA repair (Weindruch & Walford, 1988; Masoro, 2003, 2005) that may ultimately contribute to its effects on longevity. Both environmental and genetic manipulations have been used to model DR and ...
... oxidative damages, reduced protein synthesis, increased autophagy, and a slower age-associated decline of DNA repair (Weindruch & Walford, 1988; Masoro, 2003, 2005) that may ultimately contribute to its effects on longevity. Both environmental and genetic manipulations have been used to model DR and ...
Supplementary Online Materials
... solution. However, differential interaction of these three regions with the bilayer of membrane lipids enables them to fold into acidichydrophobic amphipathic-helices that can flexibly change in different local environments. Comparison of their aliphaticity and hydropathicity indicates that the re ...
... solution. However, differential interaction of these three regions with the bilayer of membrane lipids enables them to fold into acidichydrophobic amphipathic-helices that can flexibly change in different local environments. Comparison of their aliphaticity and hydropathicity indicates that the re ...
PDF + SI - Development - The Company of Biologists
... 1995). FCs are born from the asymmetric division of progenitor cells (PCs) specified at precise positions and times within the somatic mesoderm. Detailed characterization of a few somatic muscle lineages has established that muscle identity (specific shape, size, orientation) reflects the expression ...
... 1995). FCs are born from the asymmetric division of progenitor cells (PCs) specified at precise positions and times within the somatic mesoderm. Detailed characterization of a few somatic muscle lineages has established that muscle identity (specific shape, size, orientation) reflects the expression ...
Time-Resolved Fluorescence Imaging Reveals
... All Golgi-resident plant N-glycan processing enzymes are typical so-called type II membrane proteins with an N-terminal region comprising a short cytoplasmic tail, a single transmembrane domain, and a luminal stem region, together called the cytoplasmic-transmembranestem (CTS) region, which orients ...
... All Golgi-resident plant N-glycan processing enzymes are typical so-called type II membrane proteins with an N-terminal region comprising a short cytoplasmic tail, a single transmembrane domain, and a luminal stem region, together called the cytoplasmic-transmembranestem (CTS) region, which orients ...
Zebrafish MiR-430 Promotes Deadenylation and Clearance of
... MZdicer mutants accelerates target deadenylation (Fig. 5, D and F). Similar results were observed for different endogenous and reporter miR-430 targets (fig. S11) as well as reporters partially complementary to miR-1 (Fig. 5G). To test whether miRNA-induced target deadenylation is a secondary effect ...
... MZdicer mutants accelerates target deadenylation (Fig. 5, D and F). Similar results were observed for different endogenous and reporter miR-430 targets (fig. S11) as well as reporters partially complementary to miR-1 (Fig. 5G). To test whether miRNA-induced target deadenylation is a secondary effect ...
Golgi clusters and vesicles mediate mitotic inheritance
... cytoplasm, but this process does not go to completion. Since clusters are organized by the spindle, their numbers are fixed for a particular cell type and size, and they seed Golgi regrowth, we have argued that they are the partitioning units of the Golgi apparatus (Shima et al., 1997, 1998). An alt ...
... cytoplasm, but this process does not go to completion. Since clusters are organized by the spindle, their numbers are fixed for a particular cell type and size, and they seed Golgi regrowth, we have argued that they are the partitioning units of the Golgi apparatus (Shima et al., 1997, 1998). An alt ...
A Trafficking Pathway for Anthocyanins Overlaps
... Plants produce a very large number of specialized compounds that must be transported from their site of synthesis to the sites of storage or disposal. Anthocyanin accumulation has provided a powerful system to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with the intracellular traffick ...
... Plants produce a very large number of specialized compounds that must be transported from their site of synthesis to the sites of storage or disposal. Anthocyanin accumulation has provided a powerful system to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with the intracellular traffick ...
Oxidative-stress-induced nuclear to cytoplasmic relocalization is
... Not4p. In this control, a modest amount of mono-, di- and triubiquitylated cyclin C was observed as well as some larger species at the stacker-gel–resolving-gel interface. These signals suggest that some residual activity exists in the in vitro transcription-coupled translation extracts but this act ...
... Not4p. In this control, a modest amount of mono-, di- and triubiquitylated cyclin C was observed as well as some larger species at the stacker-gel–resolving-gel interface. These signals suggest that some residual activity exists in the in vitro transcription-coupled translation extracts but this act ...
Dynamics of Tubulovesicular Recycling Endosomes in Hippocampal
... To determine the subcellular localization of syntaxin 13 in neuronal cells, we stained embryonic and postnatal cultured hippocampal neurons with affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies raised against syntaxin 13. In both neuronal cultures syntaxin 13 was detected in small puncta throughout the cell, ...
... To determine the subcellular localization of syntaxin 13 in neuronal cells, we stained embryonic and postnatal cultured hippocampal neurons with affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies raised against syntaxin 13. In both neuronal cultures syntaxin 13 was detected in small puncta throughout the cell, ...
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging of Individual Algal Cells: Effects
... in the effect may indicate differences in permeability of the cell wall or the cell membrane to the herbicide solution. It would be expected that younger chloroplasts would be more permeable and therefore would take up more DCMU. This scenario would result in a higher concentration of DCMU in younge ...
... in the effect may indicate differences in permeability of the cell wall or the cell membrane to the herbicide solution. It would be expected that younger chloroplasts would be more permeable and therefore would take up more DCMU. This scenario would result in a higher concentration of DCMU in younge ...
Green fluorescent protein
The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein composed of 238 amino acid residues (26.9 kDa) that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range. Although many other marine organisms have similar green fluorescent proteins, GFP traditionally refers to the protein first isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. The GFP from A. victoria has a major excitation peak at a wavelength of 395 nm and a minor one at 475 nm. Its emission peak is at 509 nm, which is in the lower green portion of the visible spectrum. The fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of GFP is 0.79. The GFP from the sea pansy (Renilla reniformis) has a single major excitation peak at 498 nm.In cell and molecular biology, the GFP gene is frequently used as a reporter of expression. In modified forms it has been used to make biosensors, and many animals have been created that express GFP as a proof-of-concept that a gene can be expressed throughout a given organism. The GFP gene can be introduced into organisms and maintained in their genome through breeding, injection with a viral vector, or cell transformation. To date, the GFP gene has been introduced and expressed in many Bacteria, Yeast and other Fungi, fish (such as zebrafish), plant, fly, and mammalian cells, including human. Martin Chalfie, Osamu Shimomura, and Roger Y. Tsien were awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry on 10 October 2008 for their discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein.