Download SBI 3U1 – EVOLUTION UNIT TEST REVIEW

SBI 3U1 – EVOLUTION UNIT TEST REVIEW
Below is a list of topics covered in this unit. STUDY ALL OF YOUR NOTES!!!
Try the practice questions. The practice questions do not cover everything in your notes, but they are a
good test of your understanding of the unit.
It is not sufficient to just memorize the terms & information. Make sure you can make connections
between various terms, information & examples. Use your analysis skills!
 Definition of Evolution
 Historical contributions to Evolution (Lyell, Buffon, Linnaeus, E. Darwin, Lamarck)
 The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection (Darwin & Wallace)
o Definition of natural selection
o Darwin’s observations & inferences (conclusions)
o Conditions of natural selection
 Evolutionary mechanisms – Natural selection, sexual selection, genetic drift, gene
flow, non-random mating & mutations
 Phylogeny & Cladistics
o Construct & analyze a cladogram
 Hardy-Weinberg Principle
o p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 (memorize this equation!)
o calculating allele and genotype frequencies
 Speciation
o Modes of speciation – sympatric & allopatric
o Patterns of evolution – divergent, convergent & coevolution
 Evidence of evolution
o Geological evidence – biogeography, geological change, plate tectonics &
continental drift, sedimentation & the fossil record
o Anatomical evidence – homologous structures, analogous structures, vestigial
structures, embryological development
SBI 3U1 EVOLUTION TEST: Practice Questions
1. State the main contributions of the following scientists to the development of thought
on evolution: Buffon, Lamarck, Lyell, Malthus, Wallace, Darwin.
2. How do Lamarck’s explanations of adaptation differ from those of Darwin?
3. Define genetic bottlenecks and the founder effect. Give an example of each.
4. State the conditions required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. State the equation.
What does each variable in the equation represent? How is the value of each
variable determined?
5. Define sympatric speciation, and explain how human actions could result in
sympatric speciation.
6. When individuals from a single species become separated by a geographical barrier
such as a mountain range, they become less and less alike. Describe why this
happens. (Try to come up with 2 reasons!)
7. List some examples of vestigial structures. Develop scenarios for how species could
lose the function of those vestigial structures.
8. Explain the difference between convergent evolution and homologous structures.
9. Explain how Darwin’s finches provide an excellent example of adaptive radiation.
10. How do layers of sedimentation illustrate evolutionary changes?
11. Construct a cladogram using the information below:
Characteristics
Elephant
A
B
C
D
E
X = presence of trait
Rhinocerous
X
Taxa
Rabbit
X
Monkey
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Walrus
X
X
X
X
13. Explain the relationships between natural selection, mutation, fitness, adaptation,
and evolution.
14. In a population of rabbits, with 200 individuals, the allele for brown fur is dominant
and the allele for white fur is recessive. There are 188 brown furred rabbits and 12
white furred individuals. Calculate the allele frequencies in the population.
15. Albinism is a rare genetically inherited trait that is only expressed in the phenotype
of homozygous recessive individuals (aa). The most characteristic symptom is a
marked deficiency in the skin and hair pigment melanin. This condition can occur
among any human group as well as among other animal species. The average
human frequency of albinism in North America is only about 1 in 20,000. What are
the genotype frequencies in the North American population?
16. Coquina clams have shells that can be either solid coloured or have shells with a
banding pattern on them. In a population of 2000 clams, 1920 are solid coloured
and the rest have a banding pattern on them. The solid colour is dominant, and the
banding pattern is recessive. Calculate the BB and Bb genotype frequencies.