speciation on the coasts of the new world: phylogeography
... deduced in the middle of last century by Mayr from morphology and geography have held up, but also have uncovered peculiarities in the evolution of each genus. Key words. ...
... deduced in the middle of last century by Mayr from morphology and geography have held up, but also have uncovered peculiarities in the evolution of each genus. Key words. ...
JANUARY 10-14, 2016 ASILOMAR CONFERENCE CENTER
... made significant contributions to the knowledge of a particular ecosystem or group of organisms, and whose research and writing illuminate principles of evolutionary biology and an enhanced aesthetic appreciation of natural history. Professor Zuk embodies the meaning and intent of this award through ...
... made significant contributions to the knowledge of a particular ecosystem or group of organisms, and whose research and writing illuminate principles of evolutionary biology and an enhanced aesthetic appreciation of natural history. Professor Zuk embodies the meaning and intent of this award through ...
Hybrid Sterility, Haldane`s Rule and Speciation in Heliconius cydno
... evolution, where hemizygosity enhances selection of favorable recessive alleles on the X chromosome (Haldane 1924; Charlesworth et al. 1987). For these alleles to produce sex-limited effects in hybrids and contribute to Haldane’s rule, faster X explanations must act in conjunction with either the do ...
... evolution, where hemizygosity enhances selection of favorable recessive alleles on the X chromosome (Haldane 1924; Charlesworth et al. 1987). For these alleles to produce sex-limited effects in hybrids and contribute to Haldane’s rule, faster X explanations must act in conjunction with either the do ...
PeterMoranPhDThesis - St Andrews Research Repository
... Figure 1-1.The distribution of the three putative species across Australia .............................. 15 Figure 2-1 Distribution of the sixteen field sites in eastern Australia ..................................... 30 Figure 2-2 Calling song oscillograms for both species. ....................... ...
... Figure 1-1.The distribution of the three putative species across Australia .............................. 15 Figure 2-1 Distribution of the sixteen field sites in eastern Australia ..................................... 30 Figure 2-2 Calling song oscillograms for both species. ....................... ...
Bounds to Parapatric Speciation: A Dobzhansky-Muller
... island (right), which are connected by unidirectional migration at rate m. The figure shows two out of eight genomic architectures investigated: an X-autosome DMI (upper line) and a cytoplasmic DMI between X and mitochondrion (lower line). Genotypes of female residents are depicted by yellow circles ...
... island (right), which are connected by unidirectional migration at rate m. The figure shows two out of eight genomic architectures investigated: an X-autosome DMI (upper line) and a cytoplasmic DMI between X and mitochondrion (lower line). Genotypes of female residents are depicted by yellow circles ...
Chapter 16 - Sonoma Valley High School
... • Compare three causes of genetic variation in a population. • Calculate allele frequency and phenotype frequency. ...
... • Compare three causes of genetic variation in a population. • Calculate allele frequency and phenotype frequency. ...
Darwin Collection - Science
... evolution to reproductive isolation, tracing the links between Darwin’s ideas and current thinking. Christophe Fraser and colleagues discuss the contentious area of microbial species formation, an issue that would surely have vexed Darwin horribly had the bewildering diversity of microbes been known ...
... evolution to reproductive isolation, tracing the links between Darwin’s ideas and current thinking. Christophe Fraser and colleagues discuss the contentious area of microbial species formation, an issue that would surely have vexed Darwin horribly had the bewildering diversity of microbes been known ...
https://goo.gl/BUXfYV HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY
... island hopping and natural rafts. Many land vertebrates live in the Caribbean Islands, and (if their biogeography is correctly explained by dispersal) they might have moved from one island to other, perhaps being carried on a log or some other sort of raft. ...
... island hopping and natural rafts. Many land vertebrates live in the Caribbean Islands, and (if their biogeography is correctly explained by dispersal) they might have moved from one island to other, perhaps being carried on a log or some other sort of raft. ...
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION AND LOCAL ADAPTATION
... significance remains elusive because of conflicting results from different geographical regions and from different genetic markers (Costantini et al. 1999; Kamau et al. 2003; Boccolini et al. 2005; Cohuet et al. 2005; Michel et al. 2006). Inversion 3Ra in A. funestus is a prime candidate for detaile ...
... significance remains elusive because of conflicting results from different geographical regions and from different genetic markers (Costantini et al. 1999; Kamau et al. 2003; Boccolini et al. 2005; Cohuet et al. 2005; Michel et al. 2006). Inversion 3Ra in A. funestus is a prime candidate for detaile ...
counteracting selective regimes and host preference evolution in
... The divergence of lineages through evolutionary time typically involves changes in several traits. Determining which traits and corresponding selective pressures initiate divergence allows us to better understand the causes of speciation and diversification. For example, scientists have debated the ...
... The divergence of lineages through evolutionary time typically involves changes in several traits. Determining which traits and corresponding selective pressures initiate divergence allows us to better understand the causes of speciation and diversification. For example, scientists have debated the ...
The Genetic Architecture of Ecological Specialization: Correlated
... suggests that genetic trade-offs are not an absolute requirement for the evolution of specialization (Fry 1996; Kawecki 1996, 1997; Whitlock 1996). However, there is little question that if fundamental genetic trade-offs in performance in different environments were present, the evolution of special ...
... suggests that genetic trade-offs are not an absolute requirement for the evolution of specialization (Fry 1996; Kawecki 1996, 1997; Whitlock 1996). However, there is little question that if fundamental genetic trade-offs in performance in different environments were present, the evolution of special ...
Fission and fusion of Darwin`s finches populations
... increasing genetic variation because it simultaneously affects numerous genetic loci. The total effect on continuously varying traits can be up to two or three orders of magnitude greater than mutation (Grant & Grant 1994). Introgression can be particularly effective in small isolated populations, s ...
... increasing genetic variation because it simultaneously affects numerous genetic loci. The total effect on continuously varying traits can be up to two or three orders of magnitude greater than mutation (Grant & Grant 1994). Introgression can be particularly effective in small isolated populations, s ...
What can hybrid zones tell us about speciation?
... examples where hybrids are produced, but are rarer than expected under random mating. In these situations, the two parental forms have reached that stage in speciation where they can maintain their genetic integrity in the face of gene flow, but have diverged sufficiently recently that genetic and e ...
... examples where hybrids are produced, but are rarer than expected under random mating. In these situations, the two parental forms have reached that stage in speciation where they can maintain their genetic integrity in the face of gene flow, but have diverged sufficiently recently that genetic and e ...
Fission and fusion of Darwin`s finches populations
... increasing genetic variation because it simultaneously affects numerous genetic loci. The total effect on continuously varying traits can be up to two or three orders of magnitude greater than mutation (Grant & Grant 1994). Introgression can be particularly effective in small isolated populations, s ...
... increasing genetic variation because it simultaneously affects numerous genetic loci. The total effect on continuously varying traits can be up to two or three orders of magnitude greater than mutation (Grant & Grant 1994). Introgression can be particularly effective in small isolated populations, s ...
Microgeographic adaptation and the spatial scale of evolution
... evolution, and conclude with a roadmap for future research. Glossary Adaptive divergence: the evolution of differences between populations as a result of adaptation to different environmental conditions and divergent natural selection. Dispersal: the displacement of offspring away from their parents ...
... evolution, and conclude with a roadmap for future research. Glossary Adaptive divergence: the evolution of differences between populations as a result of adaptation to different environmental conditions and divergent natural selection. Dispersal: the displacement of offspring away from their parents ...
Microgeographic adaptation and the spatial scale of evolution
... evolution, and conclude with a roadmap for future research. Glossary Adaptive divergence: the evolution of differences between populations as a result of adaptation to different environmental conditions and divergent natural selection. Dispersal: the displacement of offspring away from their parents ...
... evolution, and conclude with a roadmap for future research. Glossary Adaptive divergence: the evolution of differences between populations as a result of adaptation to different environmental conditions and divergent natural selection. Dispersal: the displacement of offspring away from their parents ...
How might epigenetics contribute to ecological speciation?
... leading to shifts in the trait mean and increased or reduced trait plasticity. If genetic accommodation leads to reduced plasticity this may result in genetic assimilation, or fixation, of a trait (Pigliucci et al., 2006). Thus, divergent selection across environments might lead to speciation via ge ...
... leading to shifts in the trait mean and increased or reduced trait plasticity. If genetic accommodation leads to reduced plasticity this may result in genetic assimilation, or fixation, of a trait (Pigliucci et al., 2006). Thus, divergent selection across environments might lead to speciation via ge ...
How might epigenetics contribute to ecological speciation?
... leading to shifts in the trait mean and increased or reduced trait plasticity. If genetic accommodation leads to reduced plasticity this may result in genetic assimilation, or fixation, of a trait (Pigliucci et al., 2006). Thus, divergent selection across environments might lead to speciation via ge ...
... leading to shifts in the trait mean and increased or reduced trait plasticity. If genetic accommodation leads to reduced plasticity this may result in genetic assimilation, or fixation, of a trait (Pigliucci et al., 2006). Thus, divergent selection across environments might lead to speciation via ge ...
Repeated evolution of reproductive isolation in a marine snail
... the standard use of the two terms ‘parallel evolution’ and ‘convergent evolution’ for independent evolution of similar traits in closely and distantly related taxa, respectively, is misleading, as the same gene can sometimes be found to cause the same phenotypic effect in distantly related species, ...
... the standard use of the two terms ‘parallel evolution’ and ‘convergent evolution’ for independent evolution of similar traits in closely and distantly related taxa, respectively, is misleading, as the same gene can sometimes be found to cause the same phenotypic effect in distantly related species, ...
Disruptive Selection and then What?
... jaw asymmetry in the scale-eating cichlid Perissodus microlepis (Hori, 1993) and bill size in the black-bellied seedcracker Pyrenestes ostrinus (Smith, 1993). In both cases, two distinct sympatric phenotypes are adapted to forage on distinct resources and it is believed that phenotypes are determine ...
... jaw asymmetry in the scale-eating cichlid Perissodus microlepis (Hori, 1993) and bill size in the black-bellied seedcracker Pyrenestes ostrinus (Smith, 1993). In both cases, two distinct sympatric phenotypes are adapted to forage on distinct resources and it is believed that phenotypes are determine ...
Selection against migrants contributes to the
... Ecologically dependent reproductive isolation (EDRI) is the decrease in gene flow that occurs when adaptive divergence reduces the fitness of individuals that move between ecological environments. A particularly simple and perhaps almost universal mechanism contributing to EDRI is natural selection ...
... Ecologically dependent reproductive isolation (EDRI) is the decrease in gene flow that occurs when adaptive divergence reduces the fitness of individuals that move between ecological environments. A particularly simple and perhaps almost universal mechanism contributing to EDRI is natural selection ...
Are Species Cohesive?— A View from Bacteriology
... rejected (49). Instead, species of animals and plants have come to be understood as cohesive groups, in the sense that some force of evolution constrains the diversity within species, while different species are not constrained from diverging. In highly sexual species, such as most animals and plant ...
... rejected (49). Instead, species of animals and plants have come to be understood as cohesive groups, in the sense that some force of evolution constrains the diversity within species, while different species are not constrained from diverging. In highly sexual species, such as most animals and plant ...
16-2 Evolution as Genetic Change
... Populations, not individual organisms, can evolve over time. ...
... Populations, not individual organisms, can evolve over time. ...
Sympatric speciation
Sympatric speciation is the process through which new species evolve from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region. In evolutionary biology and biogeography, sympatric and sympatry are terms referring to organisms whose ranges overlap or are even identical, so that they occur together at least in some places. If these organisms are closely related (e.g. sister species), such a distribution may be the result of sympatric speciation. Etymologically, sympatry is derived from the Greek roots συν (""together"", ""with"") and πατρίς (""homeland"" or ""fatherland""). The term was invented by Poulton in 1904, who explains the derivation.Sympatric speciation is one of three traditional geographic categories for the phenomenon of speciation. Allopatric speciation is the evolution of geographically isolated populations into distinct species. In this case, divergence is facilitated by the absence of gene flow, which tends to keep populations genetically similar. Parapatric speciation is the evolution of geographically adjacent populations into distinct species. In this case, divergence occurs despite limited interbreeding where the two diverging groups come into contact. In sympatric speciation, there is no geographic constraint to interbreeding. These categories are special cases of a continuum from zero (sympatric) to complete (allopatric) spatial segregation of diverging groups.In multicellular eukaryotic organisms, sympatric speciation is thought to be an uncommon but plausible process by which genetic divergence (through reproductive isolation) of various populations from a single parent species and inhabiting the same geographic region leads to the creation of new species.In bacteria, however, the analogous process (defined as ""the origin of new bacterial species that occupy definable ecological niches"") might be more common because bacteria are less constrained by the homogenizing effects of sexual reproduction and prone to comparatively dramatic and rapid genetic change through horizontal gene transfer.