Download Evolution - Donald Winslow

Evolution
Introductory Biology, 12 October 2010
Donald Winslow
References
Hickman et al. 2008 Integrated Principles of Zoology, 14th
ed., McGraw-Hill, NY.
Ch. 1 pp 2, 6-7, 14-17;
Ch. 6 pp 105-109, 111-113, 115-135
Hoefnagels. 2009. Biology, 1st ed., McGraw-Hill, NY.
Ch. 13 pp 263-280
Ch. 14 pp 288-299
Ch. 15 pp 306-310, 312-313, 316-320
Ch. 16 pp 350-351
Founders of evolution
Lamarck—inheritance of acquired traits
 Lyell—uniformitarianism & gradualism
 Malthus—exponential growth & limitation
 Darwin—natural selection, speciation
 Wallace—independently developed
theory of evolution by natural selection
& inspired Darwin to publish.
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Charles Darwin
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Voyage on H.M.S. Beagle, Galapagos
Natural selection & adaptation
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Population growth & limits to growth
Competition and heritable variation
Differential survival & reproduction
Gradual adaptation & speciation
Reproductive barriers & speciation
Evidence for evolution
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Fossil record
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Marine organisms on mountaintops
Geological time & dating—isotope decay
Evolutionary trends—horses
Homology of vertebrate forelimbs
“Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.”
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Haeckel
Flying Great Egret (Ardea alba). Photo by Karen Bays.
Bird wings are homologous to a human’s
arms.
Ontogeny & phylogeny
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Pharyngeal gill slits
Paedomorphosis
Heterochrony
Microevolution
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Population genetics
Gene pool
Allele frequencies
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Forces that change
allele frequencies
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Mutation
Genetic drift
Nonrandom mating—e.g. assortative mating
Migration
Selection (natural, artificial, sexual)
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Relative fitness
Stabilizing, directional, & disrupting selection
Bright plumage of male Northern Cardinal—
A result of sexual selection.
Measuring genetic variation
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Protein polymorphism & heterozygosity
Gel electrophoresis
Quantitative characters
Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) color variants
Macroevolution
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Allopatric & sympatric speciation
Hybridization, extinction
Adaptive radiation (diversification)
Gradualism, punctuated equilibrium
Mass extinction
Levels of selection
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Genic, individual, kin, group, species