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CELLS
Prokaryotic
cells
Simple
&
Small
Bacteria
cells
Eukaryotic
cells
Bigger
&
Complex
All cells
EXCEPT
Bacteria
cells
-A cell is the SMALLEST unit of LIFE
-Characteristics of LIFE: (all living things can do or have these)
1. Movement- ALL living things move
2. Growth- ALL living things grow
3. Death- ALL living things die
4. Reproduction- ALL living things have the ability to reproduce
5. Gas exchange- ALL living things take in a gas & release another gas
6. Heredity- ALL living things have genetic information (DNA and/or RNA)
7. Metabolism- ALL living things need energy
8. Sensitivity- ALL living things respond to their environment
9. Homeostasis- ALL living things maintain and internal/external balance
10. Complexity- ALL living things are made of 1 or more cells
There are 2 types of cells:
1. Prokaryotes: (Prokaryotic cells)
• These cells are extremely SMALL in size
• These cells are very SIMPLE
• Types of organism: ALL BACTERIA
2. Eukaryotes: (Eukaryotic cells)
• These cells are BIGGER in size
• These cells are more COMPLEX
• Types of organism: EVERYTHING
EXCEPT BACTERIA
CELL THEORY:
1.
All LIVING things are made up of CELLS
2. All cells come from other CELLS
3. The cell is the basic unit of LIFE.
EUKARYOTIC ORGANELLE NOTES:
Organelle- tiny structures found inside CELLS
- each organelle has it’s own SHAPE & JOB
-What are some organelles that you’ve learned about in the past?
-CELL MEMBRANE, NUCLEUS, MITOCHONDRIA, ER, RIBOSOME, GOLGI
BODY, LYSOSOME, VACUOLE, CELL WALL, CENTRIOLES, &
CHLOROPLAST
CELL MEMBRANE: (plasma membrane)
JOB- let’s molecules IN & OUT of the cell
NICKNAME- “BOUNCER”
LOCATION- OUTSIDE the cell
TYPES OF CELLS- PLANT & ANIMAL cells
-The cell membrane is made of 2 organic molecules: PROTEIN &
LIPIDS
Vocabulary Words:
Phospholipid- MADE OF 1 GLYCEROL & 2
FATTY ACIDS
Hydrophobic- AFRAID OF WATER
(FATTY ACIDS)
Hydrophilic- LOVES WATER
(GLYCEROL)
NUCLEUS:
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/insideacell
JOB- tells the CELL what to DO
NICKNAME- “BRAIN”
LOCATION- INSIDE the cell in the CYTOPLASM (gel)
TYPES OF CELLS- PLANT & ANIMAL cells
-The membrane of the nucleus is called the NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
-The ‘dark spot’ is the NUCLEOLUS
-2 forms of DNA:
-1. CHROMATIN:
-’loose’ DNA (in this form MOST of the time)
-2. CHROMOSOME:
- ‘tight’ DNA (only in this form when the cell
is going to divide)
/
MITOCHONDRION (singular): MITOCHONDRIA (plural)
JOB- breaks down FOOD to make ENERGY (this process is called:
Cellular Respiration)
NICKNAME- “POWERHOUSE”
LOCATION- INSIDE the cell in the CYTOPLASM (gel)
TYPES OF CELLS- PLANT & ANIMAL cells
-The ‘folds’ of the inner membrane are called
CRISTAE
-All these folds allow the mitochondria to
make LOTS OF ENERGY very QUICKLY
(by increasing surface area)
- The liquid inside the mitochondrion is the
MATRIX
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/insideacell/
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER):
1. ROUGH ER – (rER)
JOB- transports PROTEINS throughout the cell
NICKNAME- “HIGHWAY”
LOCATION- INSIDE the cell in the CYTOPLASM (gel)
TYPES OF CELLS- PLANT & ANIMAL cells
-The ‘dots’ on the rough ER are called RIBOSOMES
-These ‘dots’ make PROTEIN
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/insideacell/
2. SMOOTH ER – (sER)
job- for STORAGE
found- INSIDE the cell in the CYTOPLASM (gel)
type of cells- PLANT & ANIMAL cells
RIBOSOMES:
JOB- makes PROTEIN
NICKNAME- “PROTEIN SHAKE”
LOCATION- 2 places- 1. INSIDE the cell in the CYTOPLASM (gel)
2. attached to the ROUGH ER
TYPES OF CELLS- PLANT & ANIMAL cells
GOLGI APPARATUS (aka- GOLGI COMPLEX, GOLGI BODY )
JOB- SORTS, PACKAGES & PROCESSES proteins
NICKNAME- “WAREHOUSE”
LOCATION- INSIDE the cell in the CYTOPLASM (gel)
TYPES OF CELLS- PLANT & ANIMAL cells
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/insideacell/
LYSOSOME:
JOB- digests old ORGANELLES & waste
NICKNAME- “POISON PILL”
LOCATION- INSIDE the cell in the CYTOPLASM (gel)
TYPES OF CELLS- ANIMAL cells ONLY!!
-Inside the lysosome are
ENZYMES that help break things
down
-If the lysosome were to BURSTthe cell would DIE
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/insideacell/
VACUOLE:
JOB- stores stuff like WATER
NICKNAME- “BACKPACK”
LOCATION- INSIDE the cell in the CYTOPLASM (gel)
TYPES OF CELLS- PLANT & ANIMAL cells
SIZE- Vacuoles are LARGE in plant cells
-Vacuoles are SMALL in animal cells
PLANT CELL:
ANIMAL CELL:
CELL WALL:
JOB- gives plant cells its SQUARE SHAPE
NICKNAME- “GATEKEEPER”
LOCATION- OUTSIDE the cell membrane
TYPES OF CELLS- PLANT cells ONLY!!
**Do you remember what type of carbohydrate is found in the
cell wall?** CELLULOSE
CENTRIOLES:
JOB- helps the cell DIVIDE
NICKNAME- “SCISSORS”
LOCATION- INSIDE the cell in the CYTOPLASM (gel)
TYPES OF CELLS- ANIMAL cells ONLY!!
CHLOROPLAST:
JOB- takes in SUNLIGHT to make FOOD
(This process is called: PHOTOSYNTHESIS)
NICKNAME- “CHEF”
LOCATION- INSIDE cell in the CYTOPLASM (gel)
TYPES OF CELLS- PLANT cells ONLY!!
-The green color of plants is due to the
chemical called CHLOROPHYLL
-Inside the chloroplast are membranes called
THYLAKOID MEMBRANES
-Stacks of thylakoid membranes are called
GRANA
-The liquid inside the chloroplast is the
STROMA
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/insideacell/
COMPARE & CONTRAST:
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
SIMILARITIES:
DIFFERENCES:
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
COMPARE & CONTRAST:
PLANT CELLS
ANIMAL CELLS
SIMILARITIES:
DIFFERENCES: