Download Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration Test Review

Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration Test Review - KEY
Cell Respiration:
1. Which of the following make ATP for energy: a) prokaryotes, b) animals, c) plants
All of them
2. Explain your answer for #1.
all organisms use ATP for energy
3. Which of the following USE MITOCHONDRIA in their creation of ATP: a) prokaryotes, b) animals),
c) plants.
animals and plants
4. Explain your answer for #3.
eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles (like mitochondria) while prokaryotes do not
5. What is the balanced equation for cellular respiration (Draw arrows between the reactants and
products to show what product each reactant becomes)?
Glucose (C6H12O6) + 6O2
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
Glucose loses hydrogens to become CO2
Oxygen gains hydrogens to become H2O
6. What is being oxidized in cellular respiration? What is being reduced?
LEO the lion says GER
Lose Electrons Oxidized – Glucose loses hydrogen
Gain Electrons Reduced – Oxygen gains hydrogen
7. Draw a mitochondria and label the following: a) outer membrane, b) inner membrane,
c) intermembrane space, d) cristae, e) mitochondrial matrix
8. What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration? glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle (Citric Acid cycle),
oxidative phosphorylation
9. Which of these 3 stages produces ATP? all of them
10. Which of these 3 stages produces the most ATP? Oxidative Phosphorylation (the other 2 stages
are mostly about getting electrons to this stage).
11. Describe in detail what occurs during all 3 phases. Be sure to include a) where the stage occurs,
b) What are the reactants and products of each stage, c) what is the “purpose” of each stage
Glycolysis – a) cytoplasm, b) glucose broken down to pyruvate, c) to provide NADH (TO CARRY
ELECTRONS TO THE OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION STAGE) for further stages (AND TO MAKE
PYRUVATE)  GO BACK OVER PROCESS
Kreb’s – a) mitochondrial matrix, b) break pyruvate down to CO2, c) provide NADH and FADH2 for
next stage  GO BACK OVER PROCESS
Oxidative phosphorylation – a) inner mitochondrial membrane / mitochondrial matrix, b) ATP and
water, c) produce ATP
12. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in 2 stages. What are these 2 stages, and what happens in
each?
Electron transport chain – take electrons from electron carriers (FADH2 and NADH); use energy to
pump H+ ions into intermembrane space
Chemiosmosis – use energy of H+ ions as they flow back into mitochondrial matrix to produce ATP
(GLYCOLYSIS AND KREB’S CYCLE BOTH DO SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION. THIS MEANS THEY
DO NOT USE OXYGEN (WHICH IS WHY THEY DON’T MAKE AS MANY ATP). THEY REMOVE A
PHOSPHATE FROM A SUBSTRATE THAT HAS PREVIOUSLY BEEN PHOSPHORYLATED AND USE THIS TO
PHOSPHORYLATE ADP TO ATP.)
13. What is pyruvate, and what is its purpose?
½ of glucose, travel into mitochondria for Kreb’s cycle (PRODUCT OF GLYCOLYSIS)
14. What is the purpose of NADH and FADH2?
carry electrons to oxidative phosphorylation stage
15. Which stage finishes breaking down sugar all the way to CO2? Kreb’s (we have taken all of the
hydrogens off of glucose to make NADH and FADH2)
16. Which process occurs in ALL organisms (prokaryotic/eukaryotic, aerobic/anaerobic)? Glycolysis.
It occurs in the cytoplasm which all cells have. If all cells couldn’t do this, then prokaryotes
wouldn’t be alive because they couldn’t make ATP.
17. All of the following questions concern fermentation.
a. What is it?
Anaerobic respiration
b. Where does it occur? Cytoplasm (basically, it is just glycolysis repeatedly)
c. Why do it? (Pros / Cons)
Pros = allows organisms without mitochondria to make ATP; allows ATP to be made
without O2
Cons = makes much less ATP than oxidative phosphorylation (2 vs. 36)
d. What organisms can do it?
Obligate anaerobes = must do it (die in presence of oxygen)
Facultative anaerobes can do either (aerobic or anaerobic – this would be like us)
e. Which organisms do Alcohol Fermentation? yeast
f. Which organisms do Lactic Acid Fermentation? humans
Photosynthesis:
1. Draw a chloroplast and label the following: a) stroma, b)granum, c) thylakoid, d) thylakoid space
2. Where is the majority of chloroplast located in a plant? leaf
3. What is the name of the MAIN pigment that absorbs sunlight in chloroplast, and why is this
pigment green (NOTE: This is not the only pigment responsible for light absorption. It is just the
main one)?
chlorophyll, it absorbs all light except green
4. How does a plant receive or release each of the following: a) oxygen, b) carbon dioxide, c)
sunlight, d) water
release oxygen through stomata
receive CO2 through stomata
receive sunlight through leaves
receive water through roots
5. What is the green tissue in the interior of leaves where chloroplast are located called? mesophyl
6. What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis (Draw arrows between the reactants and
products to show what product each reactant becomes)?
6CO2 + 6H2O
Glucose (C6H12O6) + 6O2
CO2 gains hydrogens to become glucose
Water loses hydrogens to become oxygen
7. What is being reduced in this equation? What is being oxidized?
LEO the lion says GER
Lose Electrons Oxidized – Water loses hydrogen
Gain Electrons Reduced – CO2 gains hydrogen
8. What are the 2 stages of photosynthesis?
Light reactions (absorb light to make “batteries”) and Calvin cycle (light independent or dark reactions
– makes sugar)
9. Explain in detail the following for each stage: a) where the stage occurs, b) What are the
reactants and products of each stage, c) what is the “purpose” of each stage
Light reactions: a) thylakoid membrane, b) NADPH and ATP, c) provide chemical energy for Calvin
Cycle to convert CO2 into glucose  GO BACK OVER PROCESS
Calvin cycle: a) stroma, b) Glucose, c) production of food  GO BACK OVER PROCESS
10. What is the the purpose of NADPH?
carry electrons to be used to fix CO2 to glucose
11. What is carbon fixation?
“fixing” of CO2 to glucose