* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration Test Review
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Cyanobacteria wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrial replacement therapy wikipedia , lookup
Fatty acid metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Basal metabolic rate wikipedia , lookup
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (H+-translocating) wikipedia , lookup
Blood sugar level wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrion wikipedia , lookup
Electron transport chain wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthetic reaction centre wikipedia , lookup
Light-dependent reactions wikipedia , lookup
Adenosine triphosphate wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Microbial metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration Test Review - KEY Cell Respiration: 1. Which of the following make ATP for energy: a) prokaryotes, b) animals, c) plants All of them 2. Explain your answer for #1. all organisms use ATP for energy 3. Which of the following USE MITOCHONDRIA in their creation of ATP: a) prokaryotes, b) animals), c) plants. animals and plants 4. Explain your answer for #3. eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles (like mitochondria) while prokaryotes do not 5. What is the balanced equation for cellular respiration (Draw arrows between the reactants and products to show what product each reactant becomes)? Glucose (C6H12O6) + 6O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP Glucose loses hydrogens to become CO2 Oxygen gains hydrogens to become H2O 6. What is being oxidized in cellular respiration? What is being reduced? LEO the lion says GER Lose Electrons Oxidized – Glucose loses hydrogen Gain Electrons Reduced – Oxygen gains hydrogen 7. Draw a mitochondria and label the following: a) outer membrane, b) inner membrane, c) intermembrane space, d) cristae, e) mitochondrial matrix 8. What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration? glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle (Citric Acid cycle), oxidative phosphorylation 9. Which of these 3 stages produces ATP? all of them 10. Which of these 3 stages produces the most ATP? Oxidative Phosphorylation (the other 2 stages are mostly about getting electrons to this stage). 11. Describe in detail what occurs during all 3 phases. Be sure to include a) where the stage occurs, b) What are the reactants and products of each stage, c) what is the “purpose” of each stage Glycolysis – a) cytoplasm, b) glucose broken down to pyruvate, c) to provide NADH (TO CARRY ELECTRONS TO THE OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION STAGE) for further stages (AND TO MAKE PYRUVATE) GO BACK OVER PROCESS Kreb’s – a) mitochondrial matrix, b) break pyruvate down to CO2, c) provide NADH and FADH2 for next stage GO BACK OVER PROCESS Oxidative phosphorylation – a) inner mitochondrial membrane / mitochondrial matrix, b) ATP and water, c) produce ATP 12. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in 2 stages. What are these 2 stages, and what happens in each? Electron transport chain – take electrons from electron carriers (FADH2 and NADH); use energy to pump H+ ions into intermembrane space Chemiosmosis – use energy of H+ ions as they flow back into mitochondrial matrix to produce ATP (GLYCOLYSIS AND KREB’S CYCLE BOTH DO SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION. THIS MEANS THEY DO NOT USE OXYGEN (WHICH IS WHY THEY DON’T MAKE AS MANY ATP). THEY REMOVE A PHOSPHATE FROM A SUBSTRATE THAT HAS PREVIOUSLY BEEN PHOSPHORYLATED AND USE THIS TO PHOSPHORYLATE ADP TO ATP.) 13. What is pyruvate, and what is its purpose? ½ of glucose, travel into mitochondria for Kreb’s cycle (PRODUCT OF GLYCOLYSIS) 14. What is the purpose of NADH and FADH2? carry electrons to oxidative phosphorylation stage 15. Which stage finishes breaking down sugar all the way to CO2? Kreb’s (we have taken all of the hydrogens off of glucose to make NADH and FADH2) 16. Which process occurs in ALL organisms (prokaryotic/eukaryotic, aerobic/anaerobic)? Glycolysis. It occurs in the cytoplasm which all cells have. If all cells couldn’t do this, then prokaryotes wouldn’t be alive because they couldn’t make ATP. 17. All of the following questions concern fermentation. a. What is it? Anaerobic respiration b. Where does it occur? Cytoplasm (basically, it is just glycolysis repeatedly) c. Why do it? (Pros / Cons) Pros = allows organisms without mitochondria to make ATP; allows ATP to be made without O2 Cons = makes much less ATP than oxidative phosphorylation (2 vs. 36) d. What organisms can do it? Obligate anaerobes = must do it (die in presence of oxygen) Facultative anaerobes can do either (aerobic or anaerobic – this would be like us) e. Which organisms do Alcohol Fermentation? yeast f. Which organisms do Lactic Acid Fermentation? humans Photosynthesis: 1. Draw a chloroplast and label the following: a) stroma, b)granum, c) thylakoid, d) thylakoid space 2. Where is the majority of chloroplast located in a plant? leaf 3. What is the name of the MAIN pigment that absorbs sunlight in chloroplast, and why is this pigment green (NOTE: This is not the only pigment responsible for light absorption. It is just the main one)? chlorophyll, it absorbs all light except green 4. How does a plant receive or release each of the following: a) oxygen, b) carbon dioxide, c) sunlight, d) water release oxygen through stomata receive CO2 through stomata receive sunlight through leaves receive water through roots 5. What is the green tissue in the interior of leaves where chloroplast are located called? mesophyl 6. What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis (Draw arrows between the reactants and products to show what product each reactant becomes)? 6CO2 + 6H2O Glucose (C6H12O6) + 6O2 CO2 gains hydrogens to become glucose Water loses hydrogens to become oxygen 7. What is being reduced in this equation? What is being oxidized? LEO the lion says GER Lose Electrons Oxidized – Water loses hydrogen Gain Electrons Reduced – CO2 gains hydrogen 8. What are the 2 stages of photosynthesis? Light reactions (absorb light to make “batteries”) and Calvin cycle (light independent or dark reactions – makes sugar) 9. Explain in detail the following for each stage: a) where the stage occurs, b) What are the reactants and products of each stage, c) what is the “purpose” of each stage Light reactions: a) thylakoid membrane, b) NADPH and ATP, c) provide chemical energy for Calvin Cycle to convert CO2 into glucose GO BACK OVER PROCESS Calvin cycle: a) stroma, b) Glucose, c) production of food GO BACK OVER PROCESS 10. What is the the purpose of NADPH? carry electrons to be used to fix CO2 to glucose 11. What is carbon fixation? “fixing” of CO2 to glucose