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Download Human Alu Insertion Polymorphism Experiment
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Detection of the human Mitochondrial DNA A Polymerase Chain Reaction Experiment Polymerase Chain Reaction: another method of DNA amplification Basis of PCR Create conditions “in vitro” for DNA replication. Requirements for replication DNA template Primers Taq DNA Polymerase** Nucleotides MgCl++ Temperature cycles plays a key role: Unwinding DNA Annealing Extension 98C 45-60C 72C http://www.dnalc.org/Shockwave/pcranwhole.html Primers determine The sequence of DNA that will be amplified. Basis for sequence specific amplification •Two primers are used to bracket the area you want to amplify. •Primers are single stranded synthetic sequences of DNA normally 20-30 bp. •One primer is complementary to the beginning of the target gene on one strand while the other primer is complementary to end of the target gene on the complementary strand. Summary: Unwinding DNA Annealing Extension 98C 45-60C 72C http://www.dnalc.org/Shockwave/pcranwhole.html The experiment is divided into 2 parts Isolate human DNA from cheek cells The DNA will be amplified using PCR The DNA will be analyzed using gel electrophoresis Mitochondrial DNA Circular 16,569 bp 37 genes Encodes 13 polypeptides Mitochondria DNA Proteins of electron transport system ISOLATION OF DNA AND PCR PROTOCOL FLOW CHART Isolation cheek cell DNA Amplify using PCR Identify PCR-DNA product by gel electrophoresis Each person should obtain Cotton swabs A test tube with 2 mls of buffer A screw top microfuge tube 2 transfer pipets Isolation of DNA Cheek Cells Obtain cells by swabbing the inside of the mouth with a cotton tipped applicator. Next… Place cotton head in 2 ml of PBS (in conical tube) Swirl vigorously for 1 min. to dislodge cells Press the cotton head against the walls to squeeze out as much liquid as possible Use new applicator and repeat the above steps. Next… Transfer 2 ml to screw top tube. Spin at 5000 rpm for 5 min. Be sure you have pellet. If not repeat swabbing. Remove supernantant but SAVE PELLET (these are your cells!) Add 100 ul of chelating agent to sample Next… Re-suspend the pellet in 100 ul of chelator solution: MAKE SURE PELLET IS RESUSPENDED! Place screw top microfuge tube in boiling waterbath for 10 minutes to break (lyse) cells. Next: After 10 min boiling allow tube to cool (2 minutes and then spin microfuge tube for 2 minutes (5000 rpm) Next: Obtain a PCR tube with “PCR bead” Add 20 ul primers to bead and 5 ul of your supernatant and gently mix. Label your PCR tube your assigned seat number Place in PCR! Summary of PCR tube To PCR tube containing “bead” add: 20.0 ul of primer solution 5.0 ul of cheek cell DNA Mt DNA : PCR reaction 30 cycles at: Initial denaturation at 94C for 4 minutes 94C 55C 72C 60 seconds 60 seconds 60 seconds Final Extension: 72C for 5 minutes EXPECTED FRAGMENT SIZES: 921 and 672 The gel electrophoresis Analysis of your results will be carried and a photo taken. After PCR Gel electrophoresis Warm samples (including ladder) 2 minutes at 50 C Load 25 ul of the sample Load 25 ul of ladder