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Transcript
Glucose Metabolism The metabolism of glucose is central to mammalian life. Dynamic changes in any of the steps involved in processing glucose and its derivatives contribute to a wide range of diseases. Measuring the enzymes and metabolites is pivotal to biological and medical research. Cayman offers an array of tools to make these measurements quickly, easily and accurately. Glucose Glucose Glucose Uptake Glucose ATP HK ADP NADP+ Glucose-6-Phosphate Glucose Glucose Uptake ATP ADP aldolase aldolase IDH CO2 CoA-SH NADH Citrate 2NAD+ 2 Malate PGK 2NADH Citrate 2ATP 2ADP Citrate NADH H2O enolase 2ADP NAD+ Pyruvate PGM PK Pyruvate (2X) enolase Lactate Dehydrogenase 2NADH NAD+ Pyruvate CoA-SH MDH 2ATP CoA-SH NADH Acetyl-CoA Oxaloacetate PGK PGM 2ATP CoA-SH 2 fumarase GAPDH 2ADP Succinate Dehydrogenase Electron Transport Fumarate Chain O GAPDH 2NAD+ Acetyl-CoA SynthaseOxaloacetate CoA-SH Electron Fumarate fumarase Transport NADH CoA-SH MDH Malate Chain O Succinate aldolase aldolase Synthase Succinyl-CoA Succinate Succinate Succ-CoA Synthetase Dehydrogenase GTP TIM TIM 2NADH Citrate Aconitase CoA-SH GTP Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aconitase Succinyl-CoA CoA-SH Succ-CoA Synthetase CO2 Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Isocitrate α-Ketoglutarate α-KGDH PFK Isocitrate α-Ketoglutarate 6-Phosphogluconolactone PFK ADP α-KGDH 6-Phosphogluconolactone NADPH Fructose-6-Phosphate ATP IDH NADP+ Glucose-6-Phosphate Fructose-6-Phosphate Glucose-6-P-Dehydrogenase PGI ADP CO2 Glucose-6-P-Dehydrogenase PGI HK ATP CO2 NADPH H2O 2ADP 2NAD+ PK Lactate (2X) 2ATP Pyruvate (2X) Lactate Dehydrogenase 2NADH 2NAD+ Lactate (2X) Assay Kits Item No. Product Name Item No. Product Name 600470 Glucose Uptake Cell-Based Assay Kit 700510 L-Lactate Assay Kit 10009582 Glucose Colorimetric Assay Kit 700470 Pyruvate Assay Kit 600450 Glycolysis Cell-Based Assay Kit 700480 Glycogen Assay Kit 601060 Oxygen Consumption/Glycolysis Dual Assay Kit 601450 Mitochondrial Stress Test Kit 700750 Glucose-6-Phosphate Fluorometric Assay Kit 600800 700300 Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity Assay Kit Oxygen Consumption Rate Assay Kit (MitoXpress® Xtra HS Method) 600880 Oxygen Consumption/MitoMembrane Potential Dual Assay Kit 601230 pH-Xtra 700410 ATP Detection Assay Kit - Luminescence TM Glycolysis Cell-Based Assay Kit View a complete list of our metabolism products at www.caymanchem.com 2017 1180 EAST ELLSWORTH ROAD · ANN ARBOR, MI 48108 · USA · [800] 364-9897 WWW.CAYMANCHEM.COM Glucose Metabolism Substrates Item No. Product Name Activity 20516 D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (sodium salt hydrate) An intermediate in the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways formed by the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate by phosphofructokinase 19588 D-Fructose-6-phosphate (sodium salt) An intermediate of the glycolytic pathway formed by the isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate 16464 α-D-Glucose-1,6-biphosphate (cyclohexyl ammonium salt hydrate) A derivative of glucose used to study carbohydrate metabolism 20376 D-Glucose-6-phosphate (sodium salt) The starting molecule of both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathways 19192 Phosphoenolpyruvic Acid (potassium salt) An enzyme substrate for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways 21423 D-Ribulose-5-phosphate (sodium salt) An intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway 21344 D-Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate (barium salt) An intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway Glucose Metabolism Inhibitors Altered glucose metabolism is characteristic of neoplastic and highly proliferative cells. Inhibitors of the rate-controlling enzymes in the gluconeogenesis and glycolysis pathways have great potential in the treatment of cancer. Item No. Product Name Activity 10009315 6-Aminonicotinamide Inhibits 6-PGD (Ki = 0.46 μM); interferes with glycolysis, resulting in ATP depletion and synergizes with DNA-crosslinking chemotherapy drugs, like cisplatin, in killing cancer cells 18860 Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase-1 Inhibitor Blocks fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase-1 activity (IC50 = 3.4 µM; Ki = 1.1 µM); blocks glucose production in starved rat hepatoma cells (IC50 = 6.6 µM) 14079 Heptelidic Acid Inhibits GAPDH (Ki = 1.6 µM); selectively induces apoptosis in high-glycolytic cancer cells by inhibiting the generation of ATP in the glycolytic pathway 16548 D-Mannoheptulose A competitive inhibitor of glucokinases and hexokinases (Ki = 0.25 mM); prevents the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate 17689 PFK15 Inhibits PFKFB3 (IC50 = 207 nM); suppresses glucose uptake and growth of Lewis lung carcinomas in syngeneic mice 19863 Physcion Inhibits 6-PGD (IC50 = 38.5 µM); decreases lipogenesis and RNA biosynthesis in cancer cells 19276 3PO Inhibits PFKFB3 (IC50 = 23 µM); causes a rapid reduction in fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, glucose uptake, and lactate secretion 15352 YZ9 Inhibits PFKFB3 (IC50 = 183 nM in vitro); inhibits the growth of HeLa cells (GI50 = 2.7 μM) Fluorescent Probes Item No. Product Name Activity 9002314 NBD-Fructose A fluorescently labeled fructose derivative that specifically accumulates in cells bearing GLUT5 transporters; used to monitor fructose uptake in normal and cancerous cells via fluorescent microscopy 11046 2-NBDG A fluorescently labeled deoxyglucose analog that is used primarily to directly monitor glucose uptake by living cells and tissues 13961 6-NBDG A fluorescent glucose analog that is used to monitor glucose uptake and transport in living cells; validated as a probe for the GLUT1 transporter in cells View a complete list of our metabolism products at www.caymanchem.com Distributed by: 2017 In Italy: Vinci-Biochem Srl Contatto diretto: tel. 0571 568 147 [email protected] www.vincibiochem.it 1180 EAST ELLSWORTH ROAD · ANN ARBOR, MI 48108 · USA · [800] 364-9897 WWW.CAYMANCHEM.COM