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Student ID: ------------------------- Student Name: --------------------- COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, NURSING AND HEALTH SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SCIENCES BCH 501 – INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY FIRST YEAR BDN – FINAL EXAM, SEMESTER 2, 2015 Time allowed: 3 Hours + 10 Minutes for Reading Total marks: 100 Date: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ This exam paper comprises of 17 pages Instructions Mobiles are not allowed. Write your student ID at the top right corner of all sheets The paper consists of four sections Answer all questions from section A,B&C Answer any five questions from section D For section C and D, write the answer in the space provided Use labeled diagrams where appropriate If you use extra sheets of paper , attach it securely to the booklet This exam is worth 60% of your overall marks 1 Student ID: ------------------------- Section A Q.1 Choose best possible answer. ENCIRCLE the correct answer. Each question carries 1 mark. If more than one answer is marked, the answer will be marked wrong. 20×1= 20 Marks 1. Cells which require large amounts of energy would likely contain relatively high numbers of a) b) c) d) Centrioles. Chloroplasts. Golgi Bodies. Mitochondria. 2. Which of the following is a component of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? a) b) c) d) Cell wall. Chloroplasts. Golgi bodies. Mitochondria. 3. Molecules in the cell membrane that function as receptors are a) Proteins. b) Glycerol. c) Cholesterol. d) Phospholipids. 4. Which of the following processes would be directly affected by a lack of ATP? a) Osmosis b) Diffusion. c) Active transport. d) Facilitated transport 5. How many of the following factors would affect the permeability of the cell membrane? 1• Size of molecules 2• Lipid solubility of molecules 3• Presence of transport channels 4• Presence of ATP inside the cell. a) One. b) Two. c) Three. d) Four 2 Student ID: ------------------------- 6. Water-soluble vitamins need to be supplied a) b) c) d) Daily Monthly Fortnightly can easily be stored in body for later use 7. Vitamin B-12 deficiency caused by lack of intrinsic factor is called: a) b) c) d) Pernicious anemia Night Blindness Beri Beri None of the above 8. A 60 –year old female presents with severe back pain for the past week, she is diagnosed with osteoporosis, a condition resulting from calcium depletion in bones. As treatment which of the following vitamins can be prescribed? a) b) c) d) Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K 9. Hemoglobin is a: a) b) c) d) protein with primary structure protein with secondary structure protein with tertiary structure protein with quaternary structure 10. The chemical nature of most of the enzymes is: a) b) c) d) Proteins Carbohydrates Nucleic Acids Lipids 11. Non-essential amino acids a) b) c) d) Are not components of tissue proteins May be synthesized in the body from essential amino acids Have no role in the metabolism May be synthesized in the body in diseased states 3 Student ID: ------------------------- 12. Glycogen in animals are stored in a) b) c) d) Liver And Spleen Liver And Muscles Liver And Kidney Liver And Adipose Tissue 13. Which of the following is not a disaccharide? a) b) c) d) Hyaluronic acid Maltose Lactose Sucrose 14. Which out of the following is a Carbohydrate with no nutritional value? a) b) c) d) Glycogen Starch Dextrin Cellulose 15. Each hemoglobin molecule has __________ heme group(s) and __________ globin molecule(s). a) b) c) d) 1,2 1,4 2,4 4,4 16. The form of hemoglobin which is fully loaded with oxygen is called a) b) c) d) Oxyhemoglobin. Deoxyhemoglobin. Carboxyhemoglobin. Carbaminohemoglobin. 17. In Oxygen Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve at higher temperature a) b) c) d) More difficult for tissues to extract oxygen Easier for tissues to extract oxygen P50 decreased Curve shift to left 4 Student ID: ------------------------- 18. A nucleotide consists of a) b) c) d) A nitrogenous base like choline Purine or pyrimidine base + sugar + phosphorous Purine or pyrimidine base + sugar Purine or pyrimidine base + phosphorous 19. In DNA molecule a) b) c) d) Guanine content equals thymine content Adenine content equals guanine content Adenine content equals uracil content Guanine content equals cytosine content 20. The structure of tRNA appears like a a) Helix b) Hair pin c) Clover leaf d) Coil 5 Student ID: ------------------------- Section B Q.2) For each of the following statements, mark (✔) whether they are true or false. Each question carries 1 mark. 10×1= 10 Marks 1. Cell membrane is composed of lipid bilayer which has proteins floating in it. (True / False)? 2. Peptide bond can be broken down by hydrolysis. (True / False)? 3. The side chain of an amino acid is responsible for its unique characteristics.(True / False)? 4. When two monosaccharaides are joined together, usually a molecule of water is also produced. (True / False)? 5. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has a significant function in protein synthesis. (True / False)? 6. Animal proteins generally lack some essential amino acids and are considered incomplete while plant proteins are considered complete. (True / False)? 7. Deficiency in vitamin D has been associated with a number of disease, including heart disease, depression, and diabetes, to name a few. (True / False)? 8. Vitamins are considered to be nonessential nutrients. (True / False)? 9. Total number of amino acids in each hemoglobin’s ⍺ chain are 146. (True / False)? 10. One molecule of Hb combines with one molecule of oxygen (O2). (True / False)? 6 Student ID: ------------------------- Section C Q.3 SHORT ESSAY QUESTIONS Note: Attempt all question. Each question carries 4 marks. 10×4= 40 Marks 1. a). What are the salient features of alpha structure of proteins? 2 Marks b). Name the conditions in which histidine and arginine become essential amino acids and why? 2 Marks ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. a). Differentiate between homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides. 1 Mark b). Describe briefly the functions of glycosaminoglycans in our body. 3 marks ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7 Student ID: ------------------------- 3. Define disaccharides. Give one example. What is meant by lactose intolerance? 1+1+ 2. Marks ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4.a).Write important features of DNA structure? 2 Marks b).What are mutations? List various types. 2 Marks ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8 Student ID: ------------------------- 5. a). What is hemoglobin? Write down functions of hemoglobin. 2 Marks b). Write down the factors which effects the oxygen binding capacity of hemoglobin. 2 Marks ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. a). Differentiate between the biochemical and clinical features of kwashiorkor and marasmus. 2Marks b). Make a flow sheet of carbohydrate classification. Give examples as well. 2 Marks ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 9 Student ID: ------------------------- 7. Enlist the functions of membrane Proteins. 4 Marks ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. What is DNA replication? Write down the steps of DNA replication. 4 Marks ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. a). Classify vitamins. 2 Marks b). Why scurvy happens in case of deficiency of vitamin C? 2 Marks ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 10 Student ID: ------------------------- ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 10. Define and give example of the following: 4 Marks a) b) c) d) Simple Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Primary Active Transport Secondary Active Transport ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 11 Student ID: ------------------------- Section D Note. Answer any five questions from this section. Each question carries 6 marks. 5×6= 30 Marks 1. Elaborate the characteristic and functions of Organelles in Eukaryotic cell. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 12 Student ID: ------------------------- 2. A). Differentiate between Hemoglobin and Myoglobin. 3 Marks B). How hemoglobin A, F and S are different from each other? 3Marks ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 13 Student ID: ------------------------- 3. Write a comprehensive note on protein digestion. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 14 Student ID: ------------------------- 4. Differentiate between DNA and RNA. Write down at least 12 differential points. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 15 Student ID: ------------------------- 5. Define membrane fluidity. How different factors can affect the membrane fluidity. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 16 Student ID: ------------------------- 6. What are polysaccharides? Discuss different types of polysaccharides with examples. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 17
