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Chapter 12 Clickers
Natural Hazards
Fourth Edition
Climate and
Climate Change
Tim Frazier
The University of Idaho
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is a statement of climate as compared
to weather?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Today, it is cloudy and raining.
Rainfall amounts were about average this month.
The winters here are dry and warm.
The temperature will rise during the next week.
It is 56°F and sunny.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is a statement of climate as compared
to weather?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Today, it is cloudy and raining.
Rainfall amounts were about average this month.
The winters here are dry and warm.
The temperature will rise during the next week.
It is 56°F and sunny.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not a component of the climate system?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Human influences
Average daily temperature
Solar inputs
Ocean currents
Mountain ranges
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not a component of the climate system?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Human influences
Average daily temperature
Solar inputs
Ocean currents
Mountain ranges
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is considered a variable gas?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Argon
Water vapor
None of these are considered variable gases.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is considered a variable gas?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Argon
Water vapor
None of these are considered variable gases.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not a glacial hazard?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Tsunamis
Ice dams
Ice avalanches
Crevasses
Lahars
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not a glacial hazard?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Tsunamis
Ice dams
Ice avalanches
Crevasses
Lahars
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
What are the three main time periods for which climate data
are available for study?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Industrial, twentieth century, modern
Victorian, Industrial, modern
Industrial, nineteenth century, twentieth century
Instrumental, historical, paleo-proxy
None of these are the correct time periods.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
What are the three main time periods for which climate data
are available for study?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Industrial, twentieth century, modern
Victorian, Industrial, modern
Industrial, nineteenth century, twentieth century
Instrumental, historical, paleo-proxy
None of these are the correct time periods.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not an example of paleoclimate proxy data?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Carbon-14
Ocean temperatures
Corals
Ice cores
Tree rings
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not an example of paleoclimate proxy data?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Carbon-14
Ocean temperatures
Corals
Ice cores
Tree rings
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the greatest difficulty in using Global Climate Models
for prediction of future climate change?
a) Difficulty is only limited by our acceptance of the modeled
results.
b) Coordinating among the many global climate models.
c) The models require large expensive computing power.
d) The models are inaccurate.
e) Modeling future human behavior.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the greatest difficulty in using Global Climate Models
for prediction of future climate change?
a) Difficulty is only limited by our acceptance of the modeled
results.
b) Coordinating among the many global climate models.
c) The models require large expensive computing power.
d) The models are inaccurate.
e) Modeling future human behavior.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
When has the most important evidence for global warming
been collected and from what data?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
In the past 150,000 years from land temperatures
In the past 150,000 years from ocean temperatures
In the past 150 years from proxy evidence
In the past 150 years from farmers’ crop records
In the past 150 years from ocean temperatures
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
When has the most important evidence for global warming
been collected and from what data?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
In the past 150,000 years from land temperatures
In the past 150,000 years from ocean temperatures
In the past 150 years from proxy evidence
In the past 150 years from farmers’ crop records
In the past 150 years from ocean temperatures
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the greenhouse effect?
a) Trapping of heat by water vapor and several other
atmospheric gases
b) None of these describe the greenhouse effect
c) Increase in vegetation from rising temperatures
d) The rise in average temperature
e) Human activity that produces carbon dioxide
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the greenhouse effect?
a) Trapping of heat by water vapor and several other
atmospheric gases
b) None of these describe the greenhouse effect
c) Increase in vegetation from rising temperatures
d) The rise in average temperature
e) Human activity that produces carbon dioxide
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
According to the figure, how have global temperatures
changed over the last 800,000 years?
a) There is no way to know with our current knowledge – the
figure is inconclusive.
b) They have increased and decreased many times.
c) They have been increasing.
d) They have been decreasing.
e) They have been steady.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
According to the figure, how have global temperatures
changed over the last 800,000 years?
a) There is no way to know with our current knowledge – the
figure is inconclusive.
b) They have increased and decreased many times.
c) They have been increasing.
d) They have been decreasing.
e) They have been steady.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
According to the figure, what has been the general trend in
temperatures over the last 140 years?
a) There is no way to know with our current knowledge – the
figure is inconclusive.
b) They have increased and decreased many times.
c) They have been increasing.
d) They have been decreasing.
e) They have been steady.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
According to the figure, what has been the general trend in
temperatures over the last 140 years?
a) There is no way to know with our current knowledge – the
figure is inconclusive.
b) They have increased and decreased many times.
c) They have been increasing.
d) They have been decreasing.
e) They have been steady.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
___________ is defined as an imposed change in Earth’s
energy balance.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Climate change
Global warming
Climate restructuring
Climate forcing
None of these are correct.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
___________ is defined as an imposed change in Earth’s
energy balance.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Climate change
Global warming
Climate restructuring
Climate forcing
None of these are correct.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of these areas is a consequence if the ocean
conveyor belt was not present?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
All of these are consequences
Southeastern South America would be cooler
There would be no climate change
There would be no Milankovitch cycles
Northern Europe would be cooler
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of these areas is a consequence if the ocean
conveyor belt was not present?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
All of these are consequences
Southeastern South America would be cooler
There would be no climate change
There would be no Milankovitch cycles
Northern Europe would be cooler
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why do scientists believe human activities are contributing to
global warming?
a) There is no evidence that human activities are contributing to
global warming
b) The recent warming greatly exceeds the natural variability
c) The climate system is stable and can only change with
anthropogenic forcing
d) All natural changes have shown to be cooling the
temperature
e) Carbon dioxide levels have decreased in the past few
decades
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why do scientists believe human activities are contributing to
global warming?
a) There is no evidence that human activities are contributing to
global warming
b) The recent warming greatly exceeds the natural
variability
c) The climate system is stable and can only change with
anthropogenic forcing
d) All natural changes have shown to be cooling the
temperature
e) Carbon dioxide levels have decreased in the past few
decades
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not expected to be caused by
global warming?
a) Decreased water supply to irrigate crops
b) Increase in years between successive fires at a given
location
c) Shutting down of ski resorts on glaciers
d) Migration of disease carrying mosquitoes
e) Change in intensity and frequency of violent storms
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not expected to be caused by
global warming?
a) Decreased water supply to irrigate crops
b) Increase in years between successive fires at a given
location
c) Shutting down of ski resorts on glaciers
d) Migration of disease carrying mosquitoes
e) Change in intensity and frequency of violent storms
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not a problem associated with
glacial and sea ice melting?
a) Melting glacial ice can lead to a rise in sea level.
b) Melting glacial ice can increase melting due to exposed bare
ground.
c) Melting sea ice can lead to a rise in sea level.
d) Glacial and sea ice melting reduces the water supply in some
locations.
e) Melting sea ice can lead to a change the habitat for polar
bears, walruses, and some seabirds.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not a problem associated with
glacial and sea ice melting?
a) Melting glacial ice can lead to a rise in sea level.
b) Melting glacial ice can increase melting due to exposed bare
ground.
c) Melting sea ice can lead to a rise in sea level.
d) Glacial and sea ice melting reduces the water supply in some
locations.
e) Melting sea ice can lead to a change the habitat for polar
bears, walruses, and some seabirds.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not a potential consequence of sea level rise?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Bleaching of coral reefs
Increased coastal erosion
Disappearance of small islands
Relocation of communities and structures
Landward migration of beaches and estuaries
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not a potential consequence of sea level rise?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Bleaching of coral reefs
Increased coastal erosion
Disappearance of small islands
Relocation of communities and structures
Landward migration of beaches and estuaries
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not a way ecosystems will be impacted by global
warming in the next 100 years?
a) Some areas will receive precipitation less often but will be
more intense
b) Oceans are becoming more acidic
c) All of these are ways the ecosystem will be impacted
d) Growing seasons will be shortened
e) River and stream temperatures will increase
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not a way ecosystems will be impacted by global
warming in the next 100 years?
a) Some areas will receive precipitation less often but will be
more intense
b) Oceans are becoming more acidic
c) All of these are ways the ecosystem will be impacted
d) Growing seasons will be shortened
e) River and stream temperatures will increase
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is a main reason it is difficult to apply
uniformitarianism to understand the current climate
processes?
a) We have never seen similar climate processes in the past.
b) It is not difficult, we have all the data needed to apply
unifomitarianism.
c) The period of interest (past few centuries to 1000 years ago)
is the one that is the most difficult to collect climate data.
d) Unifomitarianism is not used to understand current climate
processes.
e) There is conflicting data from the period of interest (past few
centuries to 1000 years ago).
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is a main reason it is difficult to apply
uniformitarianism to understand the current climate
processes?
a) We have never seen similar climate processes in the past.
b) It is not difficult, we have all the data needed to apply
unifomitarianism.
c) The period of interest (past few centuries to 1000 years
ago) is the one that is the most difficult to collect climate
data.
d) Unifomitarianism is not used to understand current climate
processes.
e) There is conflicting data from the period of interest (past few
centuries to 1000 years ago).
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
According to the figure, if carbon dioxide emissions were
reduced and the peak was during years 2000–2050, when
could we expect to see temperatures stabilize?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Immediately after the emissions are reduced
Possibly in year 2300
The temperatures will not stabilize
Not until year 3000 at a minimum
Possibly in year 2100
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
According to the figure, if carbon dioxide emissions were
reduced and the peak was during years 2000–2050, when
could we expect to see temperatures stabilize?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Immediately after the emissions are reduced
Possibly in year 2300
The temperatures will not stabilize
Not until year 3000 at a minimum
Possibly in year 2100
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not a way to sequester carbon?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Salt aquifers in the United States
Sedimentary rocks that contain salty water
Saltwater aquifer below the North Sea
Depleted oil fields
Glacier ice in Greenland
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not a way to sequester carbon?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Salt aquifers in the United States
Sedimentary rocks that contain salty water
Saltwater aquifer below the North Sea
Depleted oil fields
Glacier ice in Greenland
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not an abrupt climate change that could cause a
serious risk to humans and the natural environment?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Rapid release of methane to the atmosphere
Abrupt change in pattern of circulation in the Atlantic Ocean
Rapid change in sea level
Rapid release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
Droughts and floods
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not an abrupt climate change that could cause a
serious risk to humans and the natural environment?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Rapid release of methane to the atmosphere
Abrupt change in pattern of circulation in the Atlantic Ocean
Rapid change in sea level
Rapid release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
Droughts and floods
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
If abrupt climate change during the next century is unlikely,
why is it important to make changes now?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
It takes time to initiate policy changes
Geological data shows that short-term changes are best
All of these are reasons to make changes now
Stabilization is immediate, so the sooner the better
We are running out of sequestration locations
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
If abrupt climate change during the next century is unlikely,
why is it important to make changes now?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
It takes time to initiate policy changes
Geological data shows that short-term changes are best
All of these are reasons to make changes now
Stabilization is immediate, so the sooner the better
We are running out of sequestration locations
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.