Download Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper

Name: _________________________________
Test Date: _____________________
Biology – Topic 3 STUDY GUIDE – Cell Structure and Function
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Use the following questions as practice questions for your test on cell structure and functions.
The test will include questions about: biomolecules, the parts of the cell, enzymes, and the cell
membrane.
Answer each question that is not a picture to label or a chart to fill out on a separate piece of
paper (I didn’t know how much space you would need).
Bring this study guide on test day and turn it in for bonus points based on how complete it is!
1. Label all of the organelles in the pictures of the plant and animal cells below:
2. Complete the table below by listing the function of each of the following organelles and
indicating if they are found in plant cells, and/or animal cells, and/or prokaryotes:
Organelle
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cell Wall
Vacuole
Lysosome
Cell
Membrane
Cytoplasm
Vesicle
Chloroplast
Function
Plant
cells?
Animal
cells?
Prokaryotes?
Cytoskeleton
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Golgi
Apparatus
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
3. Who first discovered cells? Where was he from? When did he live? What did he do for work?
Why did he name them “cells”?
(Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper)
4. What is the Cell Theory? Who are the scientists who contributed to it? Explain all three parts.
(Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper)
5. Choose one cellular organelle. Answer the following questions about it:
(Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper)
a. Explain that organelle’s function. What does it do for the cell? Does it work with other
organelles to do this?
b. Describe what would happen to the cell if that organelle stopped working correctly.
What would happen to the cell?
c. Describe what could happen to the whole living organisms if that organelle stopped
working correctly. What would happen to the person (or animal, or plant…)?
6. For each biomolecule (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates), explain why the cell
and/or the human body need them. Also explain a source of this biomolecule (where humans
get it). (Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper)
7. Complete the following chart with information about the four biomolecules (proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids):
General name of
Organic
Compound
Monomer
name
Characteristic
elements
Function
Examples
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
8. What is an enzyme? Include information like what it is made of, what its function is for cells,
and any other important details. (Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper)
9. Describe the lock-and-key model of enzyme function to explain how enzymes work. Be sure to
include key vocabulary like: enzyme, substrate, active site, catalyze, etc. (Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper)
10. What are some factors that affect enzyme function? Explain what “optimal” levels are. Also
include what happens to the enzyme if these levels are too high or low. (Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper)
11. Explain how the cell membrane helps the cell maintain homeostasis (a stable internal
environment). Include specific parts of the membrane and what the do to help this process.
(Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper)
12. Label the following diagram of the cell membrane with the structures from the word box:
Word Box:
 Phospholipid
 Protein channel
 Other protein
 Carbohydrates (cholesterol)
13. Explain what would happen to a cell placed in the following solutions (a, b, and c). Explain why
each would happen, using what you know about membrane transport. (Write your answer on
a separate sheet of paper)
14. Fill out the following table with information about each process that moves particles across the
cell membrane.
Diffusion
Osmosis
Active Transport
Requires a
selectively
permeable
membrane?
Uses proteins in a
cell membrane?
Requires energy?
What substances
are moving /
being
transported??
Is the direction of
flow from low to
high or high to
low?
Words You Should Know – In addition to the words in the questions above, make sure you can
understand them all if they are used in a test question:
Monomer
Polymer
Dehydration synthesis
Hydrolysis
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic acid
Monosaccharide
Glycerol
Fatty acid
Amino acid
Nucleotide
Organelle
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Bacteria
Protest
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Glucose
Enzyme
Catalyst
Substrate
Active site
Chemical reaction
Lock-and-key model
Denature
Fluid mosaic model
Phospholipid
Protein channel
Cholesterol (membrane
carbohydrates)
Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic
Diffusion
Osmosis
Passive transport
Active transport
Hypertonic
Hypotonic