* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Module 3 Nature vs. Nurture
Genetic testing wikipedia , lookup
Pathogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
Population genetics wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Biology and sexual orientation wikipedia , lookup
X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Medical genetics wikipedia , lookup
Human genetic variation wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Human genome wikipedia , lookup
Genetically modified food wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Ridge (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
Quantitative trait locus wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Irving Gottesman wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Behavioural genetics wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
How do families, friends and culture affect the way we live? - Study the relative effects of genes and environment on behavior - The nature vs. nurture debate Genes – biochemical units of heredity that make up a chromosome Chromosome – Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes (46 total, 23 from each parent) DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) – complex molecule that contains genetic information that makes up chromosomes Cell -> Nucleus -> Chromosomes -> DNA -> Genes Genes made up of nucleotides (A,T,C, or G) Genome – complete instructions for making an organism consisting of all genetic material in its chromosomes Humans have about 30,000 different genes Does anyone know the animal humans are most genetically related to? Genes are responsible for predisposing our appearance and behavior, not concretely determining either. Predisposition – a situation that allows something else to occur but doesn’t necessarily cause it to occur; “Her genetic makeup left her with a predisposition to develop Alzheimer's.” Mutations – random error in gene replication that lead to a change in genetic code Natural selection – the idea that , among the inherited trait variations, those contributing to survival will most likely be passed on to future generations Adaptation – species changing genetically to better survive in their environment What traits do you believe are essential for human survival? Do you think that those people who reproduce in large numbers in our society today should really be the ones reproducing at such rates? Why or why not? What correlation does economic status have with reproduction rates worldwide if any? Identical twins – twins that develop from a single fertilized egg and then split in half; are genetically identical Fraternal twins – twins that develop from separate eggs; no more related genetically than normal siblings Twin studies have discovered that identical twins are strikingly similar is intelligence, attitude and even brain waves! Studies of adopted children show that they exhibit similar personality traits of their biological parents However, adopted children tend to be smarter, more productive and more successful than their biological parents Nurture is back in the game! Are parents to blame for success/failure of children? Studies say “not really”. Siblings raised together tend to be as different personalitywise as two random people on the street. For our brains to reach their developmental potential, early experience is CRITICAL. Children raised in abusive homes tend to be less intelligent that children raised in loving environments. Score one for nurture! Peers hold a heavy influence on the behaviors of individuals (i.e. smoking, drinking, promiscuity ) Bandwagon phenomenon “Fitting In” Parents influence behaviors of children by supplying them the environment from which they have to work within (i.e. parents “choose” which neighborhood to live in) Culture – shared attitudes and beliefs of a group passed on from one generation to the next. Norms – understood rules for accepted and expected behavior; prescribe “proper” behavior Individualism – giving priority to one’s goal over the goals of the group Collectivism – giving priority to the group’s goal over the goal of the individual Scientists have done studies on sexuality to discover if it is determined by genetics or environment. Using what you know now about genetics and environment, draw your own conclusion about human sexuality: Do you think people are born with a predisposition to be either straight or gay? To what extent does peer influence have on sexuality? How do cultural norms affect sexual behavior?