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Transcript
100 Biology Facts Study of life is … Study of animals is … Study of plants is … Study of Heredity is … Study of microorganisms is … What are the levels of organization from big to small 3 Parts of the Cell Theory A cell with no nucleus is a … A cell with a nucleus is a … (DNA) Water Biology Zoology Botany Genetics Microbiology Organism, Organ system, Organ, Tissue, Cell, Organelle 1) all things made of cells 2)cell basic unit 3) only come from other cells Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell * Cell Wall --------- protects and supports the plant Cell Membrane --semi-permeable (lets things in and out) Mitochondria ---- “power house” creates energy (ATP) Nucleus ---------- controls the cell, and contains genetic material Nucleolus -------- Site of RNA in nucleus * Chloroplast ----- site of photosynthesis, makes sugar (ER) Endoplasmic Reticulum – “Bag Boy” of cell. Packages Golgi Appartus --- “Grocery Manager” checks up on bag boy Ribosome --------- Site of protein synthesis * Large Central Vacuole --- storage of water and food Lysosome –-------- bags of enzymes that destroy waste Cytoplasm ------- cell jell, holds organelle in place * = Only belongs to plant cell Movement of a substance using energy (ATP) is … Movement of a substance with no energy is … Passive movement from high to low concentrations, like perfume spreading out is …. Passive movement of water across a membrane is .. Active movement of things out of a cell by vessicles Active movement of things into the cell is … Maintaining a constant, stable internal environment Solution Types: Active Transport Passive Transport Diffusion Osmosis Exocytosis Endocytosis Homeostasis Water movement = Equillibrium Isotonic Solution Water pulled out Hypertonic Solution Water pulled in Hypotonic Solution (swells like a hippo) Nitrogen bases of DNA are __ + ___ + ___ + ___ Nitrogen bases of RNA are __ + ___ + ___ + ___ DNA has ___ strands, RNA has ___ strands DNA has the sugar ___ and RNA has the sugar ___ DNA + proteins is a _______ Amino acid + amino acid + amino acid = ___ A,T,C,G (adenine, thyamine, cytosine, guanine) A,U,C,G (adenine, Uracil, cytosine, guanine) DNA – 2 strands, RNA – 1 strand DNA – deoxyribose RNA – ribose Chromosome Protein 100 Biology Facts Process when DNA codes for RNA Process when RNA codes for proteins Type of RNA that is sent to the cytoplasm Type of RNA that brings amino acids Type of RNA that makes up Ribosomes All DNA is contained in the __________ RNA is found in the ___ and _____ Passing of a trait is ___ A characteristic like height, color, size etc.. is __ A varying form of a trait, like blue or green is __ Having homologous chromosomes (1 form dad and 1 from mom) each for a same trait Human have ___ chromosomes Having half the chromosome number (ex. sperm) Having 2 identical alleles in an organism = ___ Having 2 different alleles in an organism = ___ The way something looks physically The way something is genetically TT crossed with tt. All the offspring’s genotype is TT crossed with tt. All the offspring’s phenotype is Tt crossed with Tt. Phenotypic ratio of offspring is Genetic cross of one trait = ___. Two traits = ___ Cell division where 2 identical cells are produced Cell division that occurs in somatic (body) cells What are the stages of Mitosis? Division of the cytoplasm is ____ Cell division that results in 4 haploid cells Name of cells where Meiosis occurs What are the stages of Meiosis? A male or female sex cell (sperm or egg) is called a Organisms that only eat plants are ____ Organisms that only eat meat are _____ Organisms that eat both plants and animals are ____ Organisms that steal energy from a host are _____ When 2 organisms live together they are ___ Converting light energy into chemical energy is __, and occurs in the ___ of plant cells. Green pigment in the chloroplast is ___ Reactants of Photosynthesis are ___ + _____ Products of Photosynthesis are ___ + _____ Process of converting Glucose (c6H12o6) into ATP is ____, and occurs in the ____ of all cells Reactants of Cellular respiration are ___ + _____ Products of Cellular respiration are ___ + _____ List all the taxonomic catagories Transcription Translation Mesenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Nucleus Nucleus and Cytoplasm Hereidity A trait An allele Diploid 46 or 23 homologous pairs Haploid Homozygous Heterozygous Phenotype Genotype Tt Tall 3:1 or 75% tall and 25% short Monohybrid = 1 trait. Dihybrid = 2 traits Mitosis Mitosis PMAT. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase Cytokinesis Meiosis Gametes (testicles of males, ovaries of females) PMAT one PMAT two Gamete Herbivores Carnivores Onnivores Parasites Symbiotes Photosynthesis, chloroplast Chlorophyll Carbon Dioxide + Water + light Glucose (c6H12o6) + Oxygen Cellular respiration, mitochondria Glucose (c6H12o6) + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species King, Phillip, Came, Over, For, Grape, Soda What categories are used for the scientific name? Genus and Species Kingdom Example Unicellular or Prokaryotic or Autotrophic or Multicellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Bacteria U P Both Monera Protozoans and U E Both Protista Algae Mushrooms, Mold M E H Fungi and Yeast Trees, grass M E A Plantae Mammal, Bird, M E H Animalia 100 Biology Facts Change over time in the genetic make up of organisms. Evidence of past life Body parts of different species with similar structure but different functions. A body part that has no known function (appendix) A sudden change in the DNA pattern passed from one generation to the next. Process where many different species develop form one generation to the next. A process where unrelated species develop similar characteristics. Difference in the structure or characteristics of similar organisms. Process by which organisms best suited for the environment survive (strong survive). He was known as the “father of evolution” Process where pollen is transferred from anther to stigma. process where a seed coat splits and plant begin to grow. The ripened ovary of a flower developed around the seed. Process of uniting sperm and egg. A male (sperm) or female (egg) sex cell. A cell that results from union of sperm and egg. A developing human from 2 – 8 weeks after fertilization. A developing human 8 weeks and older after fertilization. Evolution Fossil Homologous Vestigial organ Mutation Divergent evolution Convergent evolution Variation Natural selection Charles Darwin Pollination Germination Fruit Fertilization Gamete Zygote Embryo Fetus 100 Biology Facts