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Answers to Review • 1. Survival of the fittest means that only the best adapted to the environment survive to reproduce • 2. Fit means adaptations to the environment • 3. No animals do not adapt. Those with the good traits survive, reproduce, and those traits are passed on to future generations. • 4. No the organism does not change. Individuals do not change in response to the environment. • 5. Natural selection produces changes in populations Answers to Review Continued 6. The gene pool is the sum of all genes in a population! 7. The separation of two populations of the same species or breeding group by physical barrier. 8. Species 9. P. aurelia 10. P. caudatum is dying off (not adapted to the environment). 11. The frequency of the genes will increase over time. 12. Genetic variation: Diversity in gene frequency. Occurs because of mutations, recombination (Sexual reproduction) and gene flow 13. Gene flow is the movement of alleles between populations (Immigration and Emigration) Answers to Review Continued • 14. Genetic variation increases • 15. Camo allows the organism to hide from predators and/or catch its prey • 16. Mimicry makes the organism look less desirable to its predator. • 17. This is an example because the least resistant antibiotics are less adapted to the environment and therefore Answers to Review • 18. Traits acquired during your lifetime are not passed on as inherited traits. Must be in gamete DNA! • 19. At the point that a newer population is no longer able to breed with its parent population yielding plenty of fertile children, if members were brought together. • 20. The pesticide decreased in efficiency because the least adapted roaches died off, leaving those behind that are suited for that environment • 21. Stabilizing: Favors the middle over the extremes Directional: favors one extreme over the other Disruptive: Favors the extremes over the middle. Answers to Review • 22. Natural Selection is the gradual process by which heritable biological traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of the effect of inherited traits on the differential reproductive success of organisms interacting with their environment. It is a key mechanism of evolution • 23. Because of differential reproductive success, more offspring must be born than can possibly survive (Think the frog eggs (1% survive to adulthood)) • 24. Speciation is the evolutionary process by which new biological species arise. • 25. Pre-Zygotic (Mechanical, temporal, geographic, etc) and postzygotic • 26. Genetic drift is the change in the frequency of a gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling. Answers to review • 27. The founders in the population will have a different frequency of alleles than the original population. Small size typically means less diversity • 28. Gene frequency is the proportion of a particular allele (variant of a gene) among all allele copies being considered. • 29. nucleotide