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International School of Tianjin Digestion and Transport SL October 2011 1. C [1] 2. D [1] 3. A [1] 4. D [1] 5. A [1] 6. D [1] 7. C [1] 8. C [1] 1 9. C [1] 10. A [1] 11. I: II: III: IV: liver; stomach; pancreas; large intestine / (descending) colon; 2 max Award [1] for every two correct, up to [2 max]. 12. (Award [1] for each of the following structures clearly drawn and labelled correctly.) lymph vessel; arteriole; venule; (central) lacteal; capillary network; epithelial layer / lining / epithelium; microvilli; goblet cells; [5] 13. large food molecules must be broken down; such as carbohydrates / proteins, etc; by hydrolysis of bonds / to form monomers; in preparation for absorption; rate of reaction at body temperature too slow; enzymes increase the rate of breakdown / act as catalysts; first enzyme example – name, substrate and product; second enzyme example – name, substrate and product; Award [3 max] if no examples given. [5] 14. blood is collected in the atria; blood is pumped from the atria to the ventricles; opened atrio-ventricular valves allow flow from the atria to the ventricles; closed semi-lunar valves prevent backflow from the arteries to the ventricles; blood is pumped out from the ventricles to the arteries; open semi-lunar valves allow flow from ventricles to arteries; closed atrio-ventricular valves prevent backflow to the atria; 2 pressure generated by the heart causes blood to move around the body; pacemaker (SAN) initiates each heartbeat; [6] 3 15. (a) (b) Award [1] for any two of the following clearly drawn and correctly labelled. right atrium; left atrium; right ventricle; left ventricle; semilunar valves; atrioventricular valves; pulmonary artery; pulmonary vein; vena cava (inferior / superior); aorta; chordinae tendinae / chords and septum; relative wall thickness accurately drawn; 4 max the heart is myogenic / beats on its own accord; 60-80 times a minute (at rest); coordination of heartbeat is under the control of pacemaker; located in the muscle / walls; sends out signal for contraction of heart muscle; atria contract followed by ventricular contraction; fibres / electrical impulses cause chambers to contract; nerve from brain can cause heart rate to speed up; nerve from brain can cause heart rate to slow down; adrenalin (carried by blood) speeds up heart rate; artificial pacemakers can control the heartbeat; 6 max [10] 4