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Lesson 14- The Pumping Heart Circulatory System: the function is to transport oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body Heart: the main organ of this system, approx. the size of your fist, has 4 chambers Atria: the top two chambers of your heart Ventricles: the bottom two chambers of your heart Septum: divides your heart into a right and left side Valves: prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction, make sure the blood flows only in one direction Arteries: carry blood away from the heart Veins: carry blood to the heart Capillaries: connect arteries to veins Vena Cava: see diagram Aorta: largest artery in body Pulmonary Circulation: pulmonary means lungs- the circulation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs (where blood picks up oxygen) then to the left side of the heart Systemic Circulation: the circulation of blood from the left side of the heart to the entire body back to the right side of the heart (delivering oxygen to the cells of body) Closed Circulatory system: a system of blood vessels that carry blood throughout your body Reflection Questions: 1. What causes the “lub-dub” sound in the heart? As the ventricles contract, the valves between the atria and ventricles close. This sets up the vibrations we hear as the “lub” sound of the heart. When the atria contract, the valves between the ventricles and outgoing arteries close. This sets up the vibrations we hear as the “dub” sound of the heart. 2. Why is the heart considered a double pump? The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs and the left side pumps blood to the rest of the body. In addition, the atria contracts in unison to pump blood into the ventricles. Then the ventricles contract to pump blood into the outgoing arteries. 3. What is the function of the valves in the heart? The valves prevent the backflow of blood in the heart. If a valve is faulty, there may be a backflow of blood through the valve. This is called a heart murmur, which can be heard through a stethoscope. 4. What does a “closed” circulatory system mean? Human blood is confined within vessels.