2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS Expert Consensus Statement on Catheter
... invasive techniques, is also performed in many major hospitals throughout the world. In 2007, an initial Consensus Statement on Catheter and Surgical AF Ablation was developed as a joint effort of the Heart Rhythm Society, the European Heart Rhythm Association, and the European Cardiac Arrhythmia So ...
... invasive techniques, is also performed in many major hospitals throughout the world. In 2007, an initial Consensus Statement on Catheter and Surgical AF Ablation was developed as a joint effort of the Heart Rhythm Society, the European Heart Rhythm Association, and the European Cardiac Arrhythmia So ...
Left Ventricular Septal and Left Ventricular Apical Pacing
... sequence during normal conduction. The red to yellow colors indicate that total ventricular activation occurred within 40 ms. During RV apical pacing, the RV wall was activated earliest (Figure 1, upper left), followed by the LV septum (green colors) and then the LV lateral wall (blue color). During ...
... sequence during normal conduction. The red to yellow colors indicate that total ventricular activation occurred within 40 ms. During RV apical pacing, the RV wall was activated earliest (Figure 1, upper left), followed by the LV septum (green colors) and then the LV lateral wall (blue color). During ...
Mapping and Investigation of Atrial Electrogram Fractionation in
... Electrogram Fractionation in Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Tiago Paggi de Almeida Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia found in clinical practice, and it is a leading cause of stroke. It has been shown that triggers in the pulmonary veins ( ...
... Electrogram Fractionation in Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Tiago Paggi de Almeida Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia found in clinical practice, and it is a leading cause of stroke. It has been shown that triggers in the pulmonary veins ( ...
Mechanisms of Atrial Paralysis due to Atrial Fibrillation
... changes were suggested to serve as a substrate of AF and to underlie the loss of atrial contractility. Mary-Rabine et al. reported degenerative changes, loss of myofibrils, accumulation of glycogen and aggregates of dilated sarcoplasmic reticulum-like material.'' The changes were most pronounced in ...
... changes were suggested to serve as a substrate of AF and to underlie the loss of atrial contractility. Mary-Rabine et al. reported degenerative changes, loss of myofibrils, accumulation of glycogen and aggregates of dilated sarcoplasmic reticulum-like material.'' The changes were most pronounced in ...
Systematic review of intraoperative ablation for the treatment of atrial
... Safety and Efficacy Classification............................................................................................................. v Review Group Membership ..................................................................................................................... vi ...
... Safety and Efficacy Classification............................................................................................................. v Review Group Membership ..................................................................................................................... vi ...
2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of
... 1.1. Methodology and Evidence Review ............................................................................................................................. 9 1.2. Organization of the Writing Committee ............................................................................................ ...
... 1.1. Methodology and Evidence Review ............................................................................................................................. 9 1.2. Organization of the Writing Committee ............................................................................................ ...
Right Ventricular Systolic Function
... ventricular interaction. Several studies have demonstrated alterations in the normal end-systolic septal shape and position with alterations in systolic loading conditions. For instance, right ventricular hypertension caused a progressive leftward shift in septal position during systole.32 Pulmonary ...
... ventricular interaction. Several studies have demonstrated alterations in the normal end-systolic septal shape and position with alterations in systolic loading conditions. For instance, right ventricular hypertension caused a progressive leftward shift in septal position during systole.32 Pulmonary ...
Atrial fibrillation - European Society of Cardiology
... or to describe the last episode. In this report it will be used to describe atrial fibrillation in which the episodes last for several days or years. The term acute may describe an episode of atrial fibrillation related to an acute curable cause[9] and is also used to describe an attack of atrial fi ...
... or to describe the last episode. In this report it will be used to describe atrial fibrillation in which the episodes last for several days or years. The term acute may describe an episode of atrial fibrillation related to an acute curable cause[9] and is also used to describe an attack of atrial fi ...
Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Atrial Fibrillation: A Translational
... Hypertension is found in 60 – 80% of AF patients (396). Hypertension is an independent predictor of AF (581), and it contributes to AF progression. Vascular disease, and most notably coronary artery disease, is found in one-fourth to one-third of AF patients in surveys (396, 416), and may be associa ...
... Hypertension is found in 60 – 80% of AF patients (396). Hypertension is an independent predictor of AF (581), and it contributes to AF progression. Vascular disease, and most notably coronary artery disease, is found in one-fourth to one-third of AF patients in surveys (396, 416), and may be associa ...
atrial arrhythmogenesis during myocardial infarction
... Clinical studies................................................................................................................. 39 ...
... Clinical studies................................................................................................................. 39 ...
An Analysis of Pacemaker Activity in the Canine Right Atrium
... that vagal escape beats in the rabbit heart often showed reduced As-Vs (atrial systole-ventricular systole) intervals that were negative, zero or positive in value. initial negativity technique of ...
... that vagal escape beats in the rabbit heart often showed reduced As-Vs (atrial systole-ventricular systole) intervals that were negative, zero or positive in value. initial negativity technique of ...
Pacing Therapies for Heart Failure (PDF Available)
... and the latest repeat stimulus that cannot excite the same tissue is known as the refractory period. A stimulus that fails to excite the heart because it occurs too soon after the previous stimulus or depolarization is said to find the tissue refractory. The amount of time required for recovery of ex ...
... and the latest repeat stimulus that cannot excite the same tissue is known as the refractory period. A stimulus that fails to excite the heart because it occurs too soon after the previous stimulus or depolarization is said to find the tissue refractory. The amount of time required for recovery of ex ...
atrial fibrillation
... circuits, sinus node dysfunction, fibrosis of the myocardium, and other damage that allows abnormal atrial impulses to be both conducted and sustained.11,14-18 How these changes occur is not entirely clear, but it may be that the triggering focus/foci induce them in a vulnerable heart. The triggerin ...
... circuits, sinus node dysfunction, fibrosis of the myocardium, and other damage that allows abnormal atrial impulses to be both conducted and sustained.11,14-18 How these changes occur is not entirely clear, but it may be that the triggering focus/foci induce them in a vulnerable heart. The triggerin ...
Aortic Valve and Ascending Aorta Guidelines for Management and
... Clearly, there are few, if any medical procedures that are as effective in relieving symptoms, improving quality of life, and also increasing long-term survival as much as AVR for aortic stenosis (AS) or aortic regurgitation (AR), but for perhaps the exception of heart transplantation, but the latte ...
... Clearly, there are few, if any medical procedures that are as effective in relieving symptoms, improving quality of life, and also increasing long-term survival as much as AVR for aortic stenosis (AS) or aortic regurgitation (AR), but for perhaps the exception of heart transplantation, but the latte ...
Module 1: Basic ECG recording and interpretation
... using evidence-based resources and examples of best practice. Where expert opinion varies, a discussion section is included. However, it is not within the scope of 12-lead ECG to address the full spectrum of local variations. Variations can occur in several areas, including practices relating to typ ...
... using evidence-based resources and examples of best practice. Where expert opinion varies, a discussion section is included. However, it is not within the scope of 12-lead ECG to address the full spectrum of local variations. Variations can occur in several areas, including practices relating to typ ...
Equistream ® / Equistream ® XK IFU
... • Acetone and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-containing ointments can cause failure of this device and should not be used with polyurethane catheters. Chlorhexidine patches or bacitracin zinc ointments (e.g., Polysporin* ointment) are the preferred alternative. • Follow Universal Precautions when inser ...
... • Acetone and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-containing ointments can cause failure of this device and should not be used with polyurethane catheters. Chlorhexidine patches or bacitracin zinc ointments (e.g., Polysporin* ointment) are the preferred alternative. • Follow Universal Precautions when inser ...
AHA/ACC/HR Guideline for the Management of Patients with Atrial
... of all the circumstances presented by that patient. As a result, situations may arise in which deviations from these guidelines may be appropriate. Clinical decision making should involve consideration of the quality and availability of expertise in the area where care is provided. When these guidel ...
... of all the circumstances presented by that patient. As a result, situations may arise in which deviations from these guidelines may be appropriate. Clinical decision making should involve consideration of the quality and availability of expertise in the area where care is provided. When these guidel ...
Kinematic Characterization of Left Ventricular Chamber Stiffness
... OVERVIEW OF CARDIOVASCULAR BIOPHYSICS LABORATORY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................ 50 ...
... OVERVIEW OF CARDIOVASCULAR BIOPHYSICS LABORATORY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................ 50 ...
Bicuspid Aortic Valve Associated With Aortic Dilatation A Community
... icuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease is the most frequent congenital anomaly of the heart or great vessels.1 A congenital BAV may lead to premature development of significant aortic valve disease, such as aortic valve stenosis or regurgitation and endocarditis.1–3 Abnormalities of the aorta, such as a ...
... icuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease is the most frequent congenital anomaly of the heart or great vessels.1 A congenital BAV may lead to premature development of significant aortic valve disease, such as aortic valve stenosis or regurgitation and endocarditis.1–3 Abnormalities of the aorta, such as a ...
150 Practice ECGs: Interpretation and Review
... It measures the small amount of voltage generated by depolarization of heart muscle. The vertical, or y axis, on the ECG is voltage, with each millimeter (mm) of paper equal to 0.1 millivolt (mV) (Fig 1.1). For practical purposes, we often refer to the amplitude, or height, of an ECG complex in mill ...
... It measures the small amount of voltage generated by depolarization of heart muscle. The vertical, or y axis, on the ECG is voltage, with each millimeter (mm) of paper equal to 0.1 millivolt (mV) (Fig 1.1). For practical purposes, we often refer to the amplitude, or height, of an ECG complex in mill ...
Atrial Electric Signal During Sinus Rhythm in Lone
... (SR) reflecting electrophysiological patterns related to propensity to atrial fibrillation (AF) and particularly to AF occurring without any associated heart disease. This condition, called lone atrial fibrillation, is frequent among patients with onset of AF before middle age and appears usually as ...
... (SR) reflecting electrophysiological patterns related to propensity to atrial fibrillation (AF) and particularly to AF occurring without any associated heart disease. This condition, called lone atrial fibrillation, is frequent among patients with onset of AF before middle age and appears usually as ...
How Harmful is Conventional Right Ventricular Apical Pacing
... due to muscle conduction. He also found conduction velocity differences: Purkinje= 2-4 m/s, muscle= 0.2-1 m/s. In 1971 Boerth and Covell [39] found reduced left ventricular pressure, wall stress, and dP/dt despite normal perfusion. In 1986 Burkoff [40] stated that the more muscle mass activated by m ...
... due to muscle conduction. He also found conduction velocity differences: Purkinje= 2-4 m/s, muscle= 0.2-1 m/s. In 1971 Boerth and Covell [39] found reduced left ventricular pressure, wall stress, and dP/dt despite normal perfusion. In 1986 Burkoff [40] stated that the more muscle mass activated by m ...
Effect of Acutely Increased Right Ventricular Afterload on Work
... arterial occlusion, indicating that for any given anteroposterior dimension, the septal-free wall dimension was shorter during pulmonary arterial occlusion than during vena caval occlusion, whether measured at end diastole or at end ejection. Moreover, because of the free wall component of the septa ...
... arterial occlusion, indicating that for any given anteroposterior dimension, the septal-free wall dimension was shorter during pulmonary arterial occlusion than during vena caval occlusion, whether measured at end diastole or at end ejection. Moreover, because of the free wall component of the septa ...
Management of atrial fibrillation-Review
... atrium >5·5 cm, mitral stenosis) that precludes long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm, a long duration of atrial fibrillation (usually >12 months), a history of many failed attempts at cardioversion or relapses (or both) even with concomitant use of antiarrhythmic drugs or non-pharmacological approa ...
... atrium >5·5 cm, mitral stenosis) that precludes long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm, a long duration of atrial fibrillation (usually >12 months), a history of many failed attempts at cardioversion or relapses (or both) even with concomitant use of antiarrhythmic drugs or non-pharmacological approa ...
Chow Sample Chap 1
... intrinsic activity is sensed. This type of pacing is most often used in dual chamber pacemakers. Dual chamber pacemakers can be programmed to sense activity in one chamber (usually the atrium) and deliver a pacing stimulus in the other chamber (usually the ventricle) after a certain time delay. This ...
... intrinsic activity is sensed. This type of pacing is most often used in dual chamber pacemakers. Dual chamber pacemakers can be programmed to sense activity in one chamber (usually the atrium) and deliver a pacing stimulus in the other chamber (usually the ventricle) after a certain time delay. This ...
Lutembacher's syndrome
Lutembacher's syndrome is a form of congenital heart disease. Lutembacher's syndrome was first described by a French cardiologist by the name of Rene' Lutembacher (1884–1968) of Paris, France in 1916. Lutembacher syndrome is a rare disease that affects one of the chambers of the heart as well as a valve of the heart. Lutembacher's syndrome is known to affect females more often than males. Lutembacher is an extremely rare disease. Lutembacher's can affect children or adults; the person can either be born with the disorder or develop it later in life.Lutembacher affects more specifically the atria of the heart and the mitral or biscupid valve. The disorder itself is known more specifically as both congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) and acquired mitral stenosis (MS). Congenital (at birth) atrial septal defect refers to a hole being in the septum or wall that separates the two atria; this condition is usually seen in fetuses and infants. Mitral stenosis refers to mitral valve leaflets (or valve flaps) sticking to each other making the opening for blood to pass from the atrium to the ventricles very small. With the valve being so small, blood has difficulty passing through the left atrium into the left ventricle. There are several types of septal defects that may occur with Lutembacher's syndrome: ASD Ostium Secundum or ASD (Primium); Ostium Secundum is the most prevalent.Lutembacher is caused indirectly as the result of heart damage or disorders and not something that is necessarily infectious. Lutembacher's syndrome is caused by either birth defects where the heart fails to close all holes in the walls between the atria or from an episode of rheumatic fever where damage is done to the heart valves such as the mitral valve and resultant in an opening of heart wall between atria. With Lutembacher's syndrome, a fetus or infant is usually seen to have a hole in their heart wall (interatrial) separating their right and left atria. Normally during fetal development, blood bypasses the lungs and is oxygenated from the placenta. Blood passes from the umbilical cord and flows into the left atrium through an opening called the foramen ovale; the formaen ovale is a hole between the two atria. Once a baby is born and the lungs begin to fill with air and the blood flow of the heart changes, a tissue flap (somewhat like a trap door) called the septum primium closes the foramen ovale or hole between the two atria and becomes part of the atrial wall. The failure of the hole between the two atria to close after birth leads to a disorder called ASD primium. The most common problems with an opening found in the heart with Lutembacher's syndrome is Ostium Secundum. Ostium Secundum is a hole that is found within the flap of tissue (septum primium) that will eventually close the hole between the two atria after birth. With either type of ASD, ASD will usually cause the blood flow from the right atrium to skip going to the right ventricle and instead flow to the left atrium. If mitral stenosis (the hardening of flap of tissue known as a valve which opens and closes between the left atrium and ventricle to control blood flow) is also present, blood will flow into the right atrium through the hole between the atria wall instead of flowing into the left ventricle and systemic circulation. Eventually this leads to other problems such as the right ventricle failing and a reduced blood flow to the left ventricle.In addition to the ASD, acquired MS can be present either from an episode of rheumatic fever (the mother has or had rheumatic fever during the pregnancy) or the child being born with the disorder (congenital MS). With the combination of both ASD and MS, the heart can be under severe strain as it tries to move blood throughout the heart and lungs. To correct Lutembacher's syndrome, surgery is often done. There are several types of surgeries depending on the cause of Lutembacher's syndrome(ASD Primium or ASD Ostium Secundum with Mitral Stenosis): Suturing (stitching) or placing a patch of tissue (similar to skin grafting) over the hole to completely close the opening Reconstructing of the mitral and tricuspid valve while patching any holes in the heart Device closure of ASD (e.g. Amplatzer umbrella or CardioSEAL to seal the hole Percutaneous transcatheter therapy Transcatheter therapy of balloon valvuloplasty to correct MS↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 ↑ ↑ ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 ↑