
Mechanisms of Atrial Paralysis due to Atrial Fibrillation
... Wood and collegues showed that in normal hearts the contribution of the atrial contraction to cardiac output was only 10 to 15%.'*"" It should be noted, however, that in many patients with increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressures and considerable ventricular hypertrophy (i.e. aortic valve ...
... Wood and collegues showed that in normal hearts the contribution of the atrial contraction to cardiac output was only 10 to 15%.'*"" It should be noted, however, that in many patients with increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressures and considerable ventricular hypertrophy (i.e. aortic valve ...
Appendix 3. Success and Complication Rates for Ablation of SVT
... owing to a decrease in stroke volume. On the contrary, in comparison to sinus rhythm, during the atypical SVT (long HA) a lesser degree of initial hypotension, a complete recovery of BP and no significant change in cardiac output were observed. The different hemodynamic response between the two type ...
... owing to a decrease in stroke volume. On the contrary, in comparison to sinus rhythm, during the atypical SVT (long HA) a lesser degree of initial hypotension, a complete recovery of BP and no significant change in cardiac output were observed. The different hemodynamic response between the two type ...
Acceleration of Ca2+ Waves in Monocrotaline - J
... Figure 3. Changes in the velocity (Vprop) and amplitude (∆[Ca2+]CW) of Ca2+ waves depending on the diastolic [Ca2+]i ([Ca2+]D) and the amplitude of Ca2+ transients by electrical stimulation (∆[Ca2+]T) in control rats (Ctr-rats, n=21, red bar or circles) and in monocrotaline-exposed rats (MCT-rats ...
... Figure 3. Changes in the velocity (Vprop) and amplitude (∆[Ca2+]CW) of Ca2+ waves depending on the diastolic [Ca2+]i ([Ca2+]D) and the amplitude of Ca2+ transients by electrical stimulation (∆[Ca2+]T) in control rats (Ctr-rats, n=21, red bar or circles) and in monocrotaline-exposed rats (MCT-rats ...
Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Atrial Fibrillation: A Translational
... decades (240). The prevalence of AF is clearly age dependent. The growing prevalence of AF can be explained in part by the increasing average age in the human population (85). AF patients usually seek medical attention because of AF-related symptoms. Treatment of these symptoms has been the main mot ...
... decades (240). The prevalence of AF is clearly age dependent. The growing prevalence of AF can be explained in part by the increasing average age in the human population (85). AF patients usually seek medical attention because of AF-related symptoms. Treatment of these symptoms has been the main mot ...
Atrial fibrillation - European Society of Cardiology
... or to describe the last episode. In this report it will be used to describe atrial fibrillation in which the episodes last for several days or years. The term acute may describe an episode of atrial fibrillation related to an acute curable cause[9] and is also used to describe an attack of atrial fi ...
... or to describe the last episode. In this report it will be used to describe atrial fibrillation in which the episodes last for several days or years. The term acute may describe an episode of atrial fibrillation related to an acute curable cause[9] and is also used to describe an attack of atrial fi ...
Diagnosis and ablation of atypical atrial tachycardia and flutter
... successfully ablated with a single application of radiofrequency energy. In a series of 116 macroreentrant atrial tachycardias that started several days to weeks after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation for paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation, the most common type was a perimitral tach ...
... successfully ablated with a single application of radiofrequency energy. In a series of 116 macroreentrant atrial tachycardias that started several days to weeks after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation for paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation, the most common type was a perimitral tach ...
Left Ventricular Septal and Left Ventricular Apical Pacing
... asynchronous activation and reduced left ventricular (LV) pump function. We investigated to what extent alternate RV (septum) and LV (septum, apex) pacing sites improve LV electric activation, mechanics, hemodynamic performance, and efficiency over 4 months of pacing. Methods and Results—After AV no ...
... asynchronous activation and reduced left ventricular (LV) pump function. We investigated to what extent alternate RV (septum) and LV (septum, apex) pacing sites improve LV electric activation, mechanics, hemodynamic performance, and efficiency over 4 months of pacing. Methods and Results—After AV no ...
atrial fibrillation
... ectopic atrial activity and an irregular, often rapid ventricular response. Atrial fibrillation is typically seen in patients who have common cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and heart failure or who have lifestyle risk factors such as alcohol and or obesity. It is a significant cause of ...
... ectopic atrial activity and an irregular, often rapid ventricular response. Atrial fibrillation is typically seen in patients who have common cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and heart failure or who have lifestyle risk factors such as alcohol and or obesity. It is a significant cause of ...
sinus node paces
... QRS Duration • QRS duration - depolarization of right and left ventricles, from the endocardium to epicardium • Normal QRS duration - 0.06-0.10 sec • QRS duration > 0.10 sec, a conduction delay exists in the bundle branches, Purkinjie network or ventricular myocardium, or ventricular ectopic conduct ...
... QRS Duration • QRS duration - depolarization of right and left ventricles, from the endocardium to epicardium • Normal QRS duration - 0.06-0.10 sec • QRS duration > 0.10 sec, a conduction delay exists in the bundle branches, Purkinjie network or ventricular myocardium, or ventricular ectopic conduct ...
Characterization of Atrial Repolarization Alternans and
... is a clear illustration of this fact. In the study that triggered it, elaborate experiments on an animal model yielded large amounts of data perturbed by unavoidable interferences, and the phenomenon of interest had an elusive nature. This thesis describes the physiological motivation for this study ...
... is a clear illustration of this fact. In the study that triggered it, elaborate experiments on an animal model yielded large amounts of data perturbed by unavoidable interferences, and the phenomenon of interest had an elusive nature. This thesis describes the physiological motivation for this study ...
Cardioacceleratory function of the neurohormone CCAP in the
... propagate (Andereck et al., 2010; Glenn et al., 2010). When the heart contracts anterograde, hemolymph enters the vessel’s lumen through paired valves, called ostia, that are located in the anterior portion of each abdominal segment, and exits the vessel through an excurrent opening located near the ...
... propagate (Andereck et al., 2010; Glenn et al., 2010). When the heart contracts anterograde, hemolymph enters the vessel’s lumen through paired valves, called ostia, that are located in the anterior portion of each abdominal segment, and exits the vessel through an excurrent opening located near the ...
Role of Magnesium in Cardiac Disease
... As can be seen in table l it was found that in the soft water regions cardiac Mg2* was 7% lower than in the hard water regions (36). Also in accidental death the Mg2* content of coronary arteries was lower in soft water regions (11). One wonders why Mg2* in heart muscle or coronary arteries is reduc ...
... As can be seen in table l it was found that in the soft water regions cardiac Mg2* was 7% lower than in the hard water regions (36). Also in accidental death the Mg2* content of coronary arteries was lower in soft water regions (11). One wonders why Mg2* in heart muscle or coronary arteries is reduc ...
Multiscale characterization of cardiac remodeling induced by intrauterine growth restriction, at
... factors for cardiac maturation and cardiac function. Preload refers to the (volume) load prior to contraction and is mainly determined by venous return. In fetal heart, for instance, an increase in pulsatility of the ductus venosus will increase the venous return, causing a volume overload. It will ...
... factors for cardiac maturation and cardiac function. Preload refers to the (volume) load prior to contraction and is mainly determined by venous return. In fetal heart, for instance, an increase in pulsatility of the ductus venosus will increase the venous return, causing a volume overload. It will ...
atrial fibrillation
... complications, and patients whose quality of life is severely impacted. The basic goals of the treatment atrial fibrillation are to 1) Correct the arrhythmia, 2) control the rate and/or rhythm, and 3) prevent the embolic complications. Learning Break: It is also important to treat atrial fibrillatio ...
... complications, and patients whose quality of life is severely impacted. The basic goals of the treatment atrial fibrillation are to 1) Correct the arrhythmia, 2) control the rate and/or rhythm, and 3) prevent the embolic complications. Learning Break: It is also important to treat atrial fibrillatio ...
1 - Circulation Research
... 5000 volts, etc. Such high voltages are capable of damaging the myocardium and the prognosis of resuscitation may thus be adversely affected. Several authors21-24> 25 have attempted to clarify the question of the effect of the high voltage itself, whether of alternating current or condenser discharg ...
... 5000 volts, etc. Such high voltages are capable of damaging the myocardium and the prognosis of resuscitation may thus be adversely affected. Several authors21-24> 25 have attempted to clarify the question of the effect of the high voltage itself, whether of alternating current or condenser discharg ...
atrial arrhythmogenesis during myocardial infarction
... AF and left ventricular dysfunction with acute myocardial infarction ............................... 55 ...
... AF and left ventricular dysfunction with acute myocardial infarction ............................... 55 ...
Feasibility and effect of para-right bundle branch pacing in patients
... receive a screw-in lead either in the RVA (n = 22) or at the para-RBB (n = 19). Para-RBB pacing leads were located according to the RBB potential recorded by electrophysiology catheter. ECG was recorded before and after implantation. All patients underwent the pacemaker programming at 1 day, 6 month ...
... receive a screw-in lead either in the RVA (n = 22) or at the para-RBB (n = 19). Para-RBB pacing leads were located according to the RBB potential recorded by electrophysiology catheter. ECG was recorded before and after implantation. All patients underwent the pacemaker programming at 1 day, 6 month ...
Exercise Standards for Testing and Training
... strenuous exertion in the upright position, depending on genetic endowment and level of training. HR Response The immediate response of the cardiovascular system to exercise is an increase in HR that is attributable to a decrease in vagal tone, followed by an increase in sympathetic outflow.5 During ...
... strenuous exertion in the upright position, depending on genetic endowment and level of training. HR Response The immediate response of the cardiovascular system to exercise is an increase in HR that is attributable to a decrease in vagal tone, followed by an increase in sympathetic outflow.5 During ...
AHA guidelines - Boston University Medical Campus
... strenuous exertion in the upright position, depending on genetic endowment and level of training. HR Response The immediate response of the cardiovascular system to exercise is an increase in HR that is attributable to a decrease in vagal tone, followed by an increase in sympathetic outflow.5 During ...
... strenuous exertion in the upright position, depending on genetic endowment and level of training. HR Response The immediate response of the cardiovascular system to exercise is an increase in HR that is attributable to a decrease in vagal tone, followed by an increase in sympathetic outflow.5 During ...
Exercise Standards for Testing and Training A Scientific Statement
... strenuous exertion in the upright position, depending on genetic endowment and level of training. HR Response The immediate response of the cardiovascular system to exercise is an increase in HR that is attributable to a decrease in vagal tone, followed by an increase in sympathetic outflow.5 During ...
... strenuous exertion in the upright position, depending on genetic endowment and level of training. HR Response The immediate response of the cardiovascular system to exercise is an increase in HR that is attributable to a decrease in vagal tone, followed by an increase in sympathetic outflow.5 During ...
2013 Exercise Standards for Testing and Training
... strenuous exertion in the upright position, depending on genetic endowment and level of training. HR Response The immediate response of the cardiovascular system to exercise is an increase in HR that is attributable to a decrease in vagal tone, followed by an increase in sympathetic outflow.5 During ...
... strenuous exertion in the upright position, depending on genetic endowment and level of training. HR Response The immediate response of the cardiovascular system to exercise is an increase in HR that is attributable to a decrease in vagal tone, followed by an increase in sympathetic outflow.5 During ...
Exercise Standards for Testing and Training A Scientific Statement
... strenuous exertion in the upright position, depending on genetic endowment and level of training. HR Response The immediate response of the cardiovascular system to exercise is an increase in HR that is attributable to a decrease in vagal tone, followed by an increase in sympathetic outflow.5 During ...
... strenuous exertion in the upright position, depending on genetic endowment and level of training. HR Response The immediate response of the cardiovascular system to exercise is an increase in HR that is attributable to a decrease in vagal tone, followed by an increase in sympathetic outflow.5 During ...
EHRA/HRS Expert Consensus on Catheter Ablation of
... Idioventricular rhythm is three or more consecutive beats at a rate of ⬍100/min that originate from the ventricles independent of atrial or AV nodal conduction. Incessant VT is continuous sustained VT that recurs promptly despite repeated intervention for termination over several hours. Non-clinical ...
... Idioventricular rhythm is three or more consecutive beats at a rate of ⬍100/min that originate from the ventricles independent of atrial or AV nodal conduction. Incessant VT is continuous sustained VT that recurs promptly despite repeated intervention for termination over several hours. Non-clinical ...
Valsalva Sinus Aneurysms: Findings at CT and MR Imaging
... may lead to impaired function of the tricuspid or mitral valve, depending on the cardiac chamber into which the aneurysm extends and the proximity of the aneurysm to the valve. Nonruptured Valsalva sinus aneurysms, depending on their size and the consequent mass effect on adjacent cardiac structures ...
... may lead to impaired function of the tricuspid or mitral valve, depending on the cardiac chamber into which the aneurysm extends and the proximity of the aneurysm to the valve. Nonruptured Valsalva sinus aneurysms, depending on their size and the consequent mass effect on adjacent cardiac structures ...
Development and validation of an algorithm to
... right atrial flutter, “lower loop reentry” has been the term proposed for counterclockwise reentry around the inferior vena cava where the anterior arm of the circuit is the inferior vena cava - tricuspid valve isthmus and the posterior arm is the low posterior right atrium wall with conduction acro ...
... right atrial flutter, “lower loop reentry” has been the term proposed for counterclockwise reentry around the inferior vena cava where the anterior arm of the circuit is the inferior vena cava - tricuspid valve isthmus and the posterior arm is the low posterior right atrium wall with conduction acro ...
Heart failure

Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms chronic heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on if the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia and thyroid disease.The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine plus a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.