Download International School of Tianjin Digestion and Transport

International School of Tianjin
Digestion and Transport SL
October 2011
1.
C
[1]
2.
D
[1]
3.
A
[1]
4.
D
[1]
5.
A
[1]
6.
D
[1]
7.
C
[1]
8.
C
[1]
1
9.
C
[1]
10.
A
[1]
11.
I:
II:
III:
IV:
liver;
stomach;
pancreas;
large intestine / (descending) colon;
2 max
Award [1] for every two correct, up to [2 max].
12.
(Award [1] for each of the following structures clearly drawn
and labelled correctly.)
lymph vessel;
arteriole;
venule;
(central) lacteal;
capillary network;
epithelial layer / lining / epithelium;
microvilli;
goblet cells;
[5]
13.
large food molecules must be broken down;
such as carbohydrates / proteins, etc;
by hydrolysis of bonds / to form monomers;
in preparation for absorption;
rate of reaction at body temperature too slow;
enzymes increase the rate of breakdown / act as catalysts;
first enzyme example – name, substrate and product;
second enzyme example – name, substrate and product;
Award [3 max] if no examples given.
[5]
14.
blood is collected in the atria;
blood is pumped from the atria to the ventricles;
opened atrio-ventricular valves allow flow from the atria to the ventricles;
closed semi-lunar valves prevent backflow from the arteries to the ventricles;
blood is pumped out from the ventricles to the arteries;
open semi-lunar valves allow flow from ventricles to arteries;
closed atrio-ventricular valves prevent backflow to the atria;
2
pressure generated by the heart causes blood to move around the body;
pacemaker (SAN) initiates each heartbeat;
[6]
3
15.
(a)
(b)
Award [1] for any two of the following clearly drawn and correctly
labelled.
right atrium;
left atrium;
right ventricle;
left ventricle;
semilunar valves;
atrioventricular valves;
pulmonary artery;
pulmonary vein;
vena cava (inferior / superior);
aorta;
chordinae tendinae / chords and septum;
relative wall thickness accurately drawn;
4 max
the heart is myogenic / beats on its own accord;
60-80 times a minute (at rest);
coordination of heartbeat is under the control of pacemaker;
located in the muscle / walls;
sends out signal for contraction of heart muscle;
atria contract followed by ventricular contraction;
fibres / electrical impulses cause chambers to contract;
nerve from brain can cause heart rate to speed up;
nerve from brain can cause heart rate to slow down;
adrenalin (carried by blood) speeds up heart rate;
artificial pacemakers can control the heartbeat;
6 max
[10]
4