Download Pulmonary circulation

The Cardiovascular System
Heart, blood vessels, blood
 Function: transportation of O2, nutrients,
cell wastes, and hormones

Blood Vessels
Arteries- take blood Away from the heart
 Veins- take blood To the heart
 Capillaries- thin; for gas exchange

The Heart
Size of your fist; ~1
pound
 Base, apex
 Covering- pericardium
 Right/ Left sides

4 Chambers of the Heart
Atria- top 2; receive
blood in
 Ventricles- bottom 2;
pump blood out
 Septum- divides right
and left parts of heart

Flow of Blood- “Double Pump”
Pulmonary circulationright side; blood to
lungs
 Systemic Circulationleft side; blood to
body cells

Valves
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4; for 1-way flow of blood
Heart Sounds
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LUB-DUP-PAUSE… LUB-DUP-PAUSE…
– “Lub”= closing of AV valves after blood leaves the
atria (louder & longer)
– “Dup”= closing of semilunar valves after ventricles
contract
Heart Sounds
 Murmur- valves leaky; “woosh” sound
 Heart Murmur

Cardiac Circulation

Coronary arteries- nourish the
myocardium; branch off the aorta
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)

Causes:
– Fatty plaques build up in coronary arteries
(atherosclerosis)
– Blood clot in coronary arteries
– Heart beats too fast
When blood flow is restricted from the
heart, angina can occur (chest pain).
 When little or no blood reaches the heart,
cells die and a heart attack occurs.

Watch a heart attack occur
Let’s Sing!!!!
Pump Your Blood
Label/Color Heart Diagram
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R/L atria
R/L ventricles
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
Aortic semilunar valve
Pulmonary semilunar
valve
Aorta
Pulmonary veins
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Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary trunk
Superior & inferior
vena cava
Septum
Apex of heart
Base of heart
Online Activities

30.1, 30.4
HEART PHYSIOLOGY
2 Control Systems of the Heart
Heart pumps 6000 quarts of blood per day
(about 1,500 soda bottles!)
 It needs a unifying control system:

– Autonomic Nervous System
– Intrinsic Conduction System (ICS)
 Built into heart tissue
 Causes atria to beat 1st, then ventricles
 Normal heart beats ~ 75 bpm
Watch ICS
EKG- “electrocardiogram”
Cardiac Cycle
Cardiac Cycle = 1 complete heart beat
 Healthy heart- both atria contract at same
time; when they relax contraction of the
ventricles begins.
 Systole- contraction of the ventricles
 Diastole- relaxation of the ventricles

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Systole

Diastole
Blood Pressure
BP= pressure blood exerts against the
inner walls of the blood vessels.
 Measuring BP:

– Systolic Pressure (top #)- pressure in arteries
at the peak of ventricular contraction
– Diastolic Pressure (bottom #)- pressure in
arteries when ventricles are relaxing
– Normal = 120/80 mmHg
BLOOD
Composition

Centrifuge spinsseparates blood into:
– RBC (55%; living, solid)
 “hematocrit”
– Plasma (45%;
nonliving, liquid)
– Buffy Coat (WBC &
platelets)
PLASMA
Liquid
 90% water (rest proteins, antibodies)
 F(x): transport, distribute body heat

RED BLOOD CELLS

F(x): carry oxygen to cells
– Hemoglobin- iron-containing protein that transports
oxygen
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No nucleus; few organelles
Last 100-120 days
New ones made every 3-5
days in bone marrow
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
Less than 1% of blood
 Have nuclei and organelles
 Defend the body from infection

PLATELETS

F(x): clotting
The Respiratory System

Provides O2 to cells; rids body of CO2
Know where to locate:
1. Mouth/ Nose
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx
4. Trachea
5. Bronchi
6. Lungs
a. Bronchioles
b. Alveoli
Alveoli
Breathing

Diaphragm
(hiccups)
Smoking
In US, smoking
contributes to
400,000 deaths per
year.
 On average, smokers
die 7 years before
non-smokers.
 CO, Ammonia,
hydrogen cyanide, tar,
nicotine

Smoking effects on cilia
Lung Cancer
Emphysema
What’s Next…
Complete online activities 30.5 & 30.6
 Start making your exam review sheet.
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