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Genetics Review Sheet Name: _________________________________________________ Date:___________________ Match the terms on the left with the correct descriptions on the right. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. _C____Gene _E____Allele _D____Dominant gene _F____Recessive gene _B____Homozygous _G____Heterozygous _A____Genotype _H____Phenotype A. The genetic makeup of an organism B. Both pairs of genes for a specific trait are the same C. A section of DNA that controls a specific trait D. The presence of this gene masks the other gene E. Alternative form of a gene F. Gene is masked by the other gene unless there are 2 copies G. Both pairs of genes are different H. The physical appearance of an organism Fill in the blanks. 9. An Austrian monk who experimented with pea plants and is known as the father of genetics. ___Gregor Mendel_____________________ 10. The tool used to determine the probability of offspring of a cross between two parents is called a ___Punnett Square__________________. 11. What is the phenotypic ratio for a dihybrid cross between two heterozygotes? _3:1____________ 12. During anaphase of meiosis I or meiosis II, the chromosomes may fail to separate resulting in gametes with either an extra or one less chromosome. This in known as ___mutation______________. 13. Scientists can diagnose certain genetic disorders by analyzing a ___karyotype________________. 14. A disorder involving mutations in multiple genes and the effects of the environment is known as a __multifactorial_________________ disorder. 15. In order to study disease in humans and whether traits are dominant, recessive, or X-linked, scientists can use a _pedigree___________________ 16. When one trait is controlled by multiple genes it is known as ___polygenetic_____________________. 17. When one gene affects multiple traits is known as __pleiotropy_________________. Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 18. How are insertions and translocations different? How are they similar? ____Insertion has one trait put INTO another gene, while translocation places multiple traits on different locations of multiple genes. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Genetics Review Sheet 19. Explain how X-linked traits are inherited for both males and females. ____Females are carriers. Trait for disorders is only found on the X chromosome.___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _______ In humans brown eyes are completely dominant to blue eyes. B= Brown b= blue 20. Cross a homozygous brown eyed mother with a heterozygous father. Genotypes: _BB, Bb _ Phenotypes: __Brown eyes In humans blood type is an example of codominance. 21. Cross a heterozygous type AB mother with a type O father. Phenotype Genotype O ii A A A I I or IAi B IBIB or IBi AB IAIB Genotypes: __Ai, Bi Phenotypes: __A or B In human hair texture is an example of incomplete dominance. HH= Curly Hair Hh= Wavy hair hh= straight hair 22. A curly haired father and wavy haired mother have offspring. What are their genotypes and phenotypes? Genotypes: _HH_Hh________ Phenotypes: __Curly and wavy Mom Dad Ray Steve Mike Eye Color Hair Type Blood Type Heterozygous Brown Wavy O Blue Straight Homozygous B Homozygous Brown Straight AB Blue Curly Heterozygous B Heterozygous Brown Wavy B Use the above table to complete the Punnett squares below. Genetics Review Sheet 23. Cross mom and Dad for all 3 traits Eye Color Blood Type Hair Type 24. Identify which male is the son of the mom and dad. Use the Punnett squares you created on the left to eliminate/pick the correct son. In the space provided tell us who you picked and why. ________________________________________________ ___________Mike_________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ____