Download Honors Biology 522 Second SEMES

Honors Biology 522 Second SEMESTER REVIEW May 2013
CHAPTERS COVERED: C8,9,10,11 (partial),12,13,14,15,17 (plants only),31
(partial),18,19, 27, Labs/Dissections and all Videos
TEST DETAILS:
each)
100 Multiple Choice Questions to be answered on Scantron Sheets (1 pt.
120 Points in Short Answers and Essays
In addition to terms be sure to look at drawings and all Multiple Choice and Review Questions
for each chapter. The STUDY GUIDE is obviously the other resource available to help prepare
you for this examination! Click here for an overview of major themes - this is to help you keep
a broad picture and prepare for essay/free response questions. Click here for the course
overview, with links to notes and resources for each chapter. Click the following links for
sample questions:
 Review #1
 Review #2
 Review #3
NOTE all students in all honors biology classes will be taking the same examination!
Listed below is the key vocabulary for each chapter that we covered.
Chapter 8 – The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance (pp. 124-151)
life cycle
genome
chromosomes
binary fission
sister chromatids
cell cycle (FIG 8.5)
interphase
cytokinesis
prophase
anaphase
cleavage furrow
cell plate
density dependent
inhibition
cancer cells
benign
metastasis
homologous chromosomes
sex chromosomes
diploid cells
haploid cells
zygote
crossing over
genetic recombination
sexual reproduction
asexual reproduction
cell division
chromatin
centromere
mitosis (p. 132-133)
mitotic phase (M)
metaphase
telophase
anchorage dependence
growth factor
cell cycle control
tumor
malignant
somatic cell
autosomes
locus
gametes
fertilization
meiosis
chiasma
karyotype
trisomy 21
nondisjunction
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Down syndrome
mitosis
meiosis
comparison of mitosis and meiosis
animation of meiosis (using dragons as model organisms!)
DNA replication (video)
mitosis rap (video)
take advantage of the diagrams
Focus on:
 differences between meiosis and mitosis (FIG 8.15)
 how the cycle is controlled, and problems that result from errors
 variability in meiosis
 timing
Chapter 9 – Patterns of Inheritance (pp. 152-180) Genetics links | genetics worksheet answers
| breeding dragons
wild type
self fertilization
cross
F1 generation
Mendel
alleles
recessive allele
heterozygous
genotype
principle of segregation
dihybrid cross
test cross
rule of multiplication
cystic fibrosis
Huntington’s disease
incomplete dominance
ABO blood groups
pleiotropy
polygenic inheritance
recombination frequency
sex chromosomes
hermaphroditic
genetics
hybrids
P generation
F2 generation
monohybrid cross
dominant allele
homozygous
Punnett Square
phenotype
principle of ind. assortment
color blindness
rule of addition
achondroplasia
amniocentesis
hemophilia
codominance
Genetic screening
chromosome theory of
inheritance
monoecious
sex-linked gene
Focus on:
 connection between meiosis and inheritance
 probability/doing genetics problems
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examples of genetic diseases and why they occur - think structure/function/threedimensional aspect of proteins
Chapter 10 – Molecule Biology of the Gene (pp. 181-207) | Use this interactive animation to
explore protein synthesis | lots more links to use for study | class notes protein synthesis | gene
regulation | biotechnology | power point presentations: chapter 10 | chap 11 | chap 12
bacteriophages
molecular biology
history/experiments (FIG 10.1B & C) nucleotide
sugar-phosphates
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
Guanine
double helix
Antiparallel (FIG 10.5B)
DNA replication (FIG 10.5C)
DNA polmerase
DNA ligase
transcription
HIV/AIDS
translation
triplet code (FIG 10.8A)
codons
reverse transcriptase
RNA polymerase
promoter
terminator
mRNA
tRNA
anticodon
rRNA
start codon
stop codon
mutagen
mutation
reading frame
mutagenesis
lytic and lysogenic cycles (FIG 10.17)
prophage
retrovirus
Focus on:
 central dogma: DNA to RNA to Protein
 structure of DNA (FIGS 10.2A/B/C)
 how protein synthesis works (FIG 10.14/10.15)
Chapter 11 - How genes are controlled: section 1, 4, 9, 9, 10, 11, 15-19
X-inactivation/barr bodies
therapuetuic and reproductive cloning
microarrays
genetics of cancer
operons
homeobox genes/master control switches
Alternate RNA splicing (introns/exons)
Chapter 12 - Biotechnology (p. 230-153) | Use this interactive animation to explore protein
synthesis | lots more links to use for study | class notes protein synthesis | gene regulation |
biotechnology | power point presentations: chapter 10 | chap 11 | chap 12
DNA fingerprinting
Human Genome Project
Polymerase chain reaction
Restriction enzymes
Gene therapy
Electrophoresis
Plasmids
Microarrays
Arrangements of genes (relate to junk DNA and pseudogenes)
Focus on:
 Goals, methods, ethical issues related to Human Genome Project
 Techniques for creating transgenic organisms
Chapter 13 – How Populations Evolve (p. 254-275)
evolutionary adaptations
evolution
fossils
fossil record
biogeography
comparative anatomy
homologous structures
comparative embryology
molecular biology
natural selection
artificial selection
population
genetic drift
directional/diversifying/stabilizing selection
stable populations (Hardy-weinberg) - no equations, just the concept
Focus on:
 Evidence for common descent/ancestry
 How natural selection works
Chapter 14 – The Origin of Species (pp. 276-291)
taxonomy
speciation
reproductive barrier
temporal isolation
behavioral isolation
gametic isolation
hybrid inviability
hybrid breakdown
biological species
evolutionary species
prezygotic
habitat isolation
mechanical isolation
postzygotic
hybrid sterility
punctuated equilibrium
adaptive radiation
polyploid cells
gradualist model
Focus on:
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reproductive barriers - how new species develop
difference between the geographic cause of isolation and the
behavioral/genetic/anatomical cause
types of selection
Chapter 15 – Tracing Evolutionary History (pp. 297-315 ONLY) | Power point presentation
- chap 15 | partial answer key for cladistics worksheet (what's missing?)
Geological time scale (FIG 15.1)
continental drift
Gondwana
plate tectonics
paedomorphosis
phylogenetic trees
bionomial
species
order
phyla
domain
radiometric dating
Laurasia
Pangaea
exaptation
phylogeny
systematics
genus
family
classes
kingdom
taxon
Focus on:
 Evolutionary relationships
 History of life - geological eras and plate tectonics
 the classification system
Chapter 17 – Plants, Fungi, and the Colonization of the Land (pp. 340-354)
classification - FIG 17.3A
stomata
xylem
sporangium
mosses/bryophytes (FIG 17.5)
pollination
angiosperms
ferns (FIG 17.6)
ovules
angiosperm life cycle (Fig. 17.10)
flower
petals
alternation of generations (fig. 17.4)
vascular tissue
phloem
gametophyte/sporophyte
vascular plants
gymnosperms
conifers (FIG 17.8)
pollen grains
fruit
sepals
stamen
anther
stigma
spreading seeds (FIG 17.11)
carpel
ovary
pollinators (Fig 17.13)
Focus on:
 Alternation of generations - sexual reproduction in plants
Chapter 18-19 – The Evolution of Animal Diversity (pp. 364-399 ONLY (skip primate
evolution)
Links/resources to use: notes on vertebrates | notes on invertebrates | biodiversity links | natural
history links | Overview videos of phyla (from "Shape of Life" PBS show)
Animal classification:
Phylum Porifera (sponges)
Phylum Cnidaria
Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Phylum Arthropoda
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Class Arachnida
Class Crustacea
Class Insecta
Phylum Nematoda (roundworms)
Phylum Annelida (segmented worms)
Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum Mollusca
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Class Gastropoda
Class Bivalvia
Class Cephalapoda
Phylum Chordata
Agnatha (jawless fish)
Chondrichtheyes (cartilaginous fish)
Osteichtheyes (bony fish)
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds (Aves)
Mammals (three types)
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Be familiar with these systems. Compare the various classes/phyla of animals:
o Digestion (focus on mammal teeth and diet; also dead-end vs. tube-within-a-tube
o Respiration (lungs, gills, book lungs, spiracles, birds vs. mammals
o Circulation (1 and 2 loop; heart chambers; open vs. closed)
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Excretion (ammonia/uric acid/urea; fish in fresh and salt water)
Reproduction (internal vs. external; oviparous/ovoviviparous/viviparous; asexual
vs. sexual)
Homeostasis (ecto and endothermic metabolism)
Other terms:
metamorphosis
radial symmetry
medusa
gastrovascular cavity
bilateral symmetry
posterior
ventral
free living
body cavities (FIG 18.7A/B/C)
pseudocoelom
mollusks
mantle
segmentation
endoskeleton
amoebocytes
polyp
lancelets
anterior
dorsal
lateral
tunicates
coelom
water vascular system
foot
radula
exoskeleton
molting
complete metamorphosis
incomplete metamorphosis
nerve cord
pharyngeal gill structures
notochord
post-anal tail
Focus on:
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basic defining characteristics of each phylum/class
Chapter 27 – Reproduction and Embryonic Development (p. 532-561)
reproduction
budding
fragmentation
sexual
zygote
ovum
external fertilization
copulation
follicles
placenta
oviduct
asexual
fission
regeneration
gametes
sperm
hermaphroditism
internal fertilization
ovaries
ovulation
corpus luteum
uterus
endometrium
fetus
cervix
labia minora
hymen
clitoris
prepuce
epididymis
vas deferens
seminal vesicles
bulbourethral glands
penis
seminiferous tubules
primary spermatocytes
oogenesis (FIG 27.4B/C)
secondary oocyte
ovarian cycle
menstruation
LH
plateau phase
resolution phase
contraception
vasectomy
rhythm method
barrier methods
IUD
fertilization
IVF
cleavage
blastula
gastrula
mesoderm
notochord
embryo
ectopic pregnancy
vagina
labia majora
Batholin’s glands
glans
testes
ejaculation
ejaculatory duct
prostate gland
semen
spermatogenesis (FIG 27.4A)
scrotum
secondary spermatocytes
primary oocyte
labor
menstrual cycle (FIG 27.5)
FSH
oxytocin
orgasm
STDs (CHART 27.7)
amnion
tubal ligation
withdrawal
spermicides
MAP
acrosome
fertilization membrane
blastocoel
gastrulation
ectoderm
endoderm
Focus on:
 Hormonal control of sperm/egg development
 Ovarian and menstrual cycles
 Basic anatomy (male and female) (FIG 27.2; 27.3)