Download Genetics AIMS Review

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Genetics AIMS Review
1. Which of the following is an example of an observable trait? HAIR COLOR
2. Genes that appear stronger and mask or hide other genes are said to be? DOMINANT
3. Various forms of the same gene are called: ALLELES
4. Which part of the DNA is the genetic code? NITROGEN BASES
5. How is DNA related to a chromosome? CHROMOSOMES ARE MADE UP OF DNA
6. How is DNA related to how you look? DNA IS THE CODE FOR YOUR GENOTYPE THAT CREATES YOUR
PHENOTYPE
7. Which of the following describes the DNA from an apple, an orca whale, or a basketball player? THE
DNA FOR ALL LIVING THINGS IS MADE UP OF THE SAME BACKBONE MOLECULES AND THE SAME
NTIROGEN BASES (A,T,C,G) BUT NUMBERS OF LETTER AND THE SEQUENCE IS DIFFERENT
8. The specific genetic traits passed from each parent to their offspring are determined? RANDOMLY
9. Why do we need new cells? FOR GROWTH, REPAIR AND REPRODUCTION
10. Gender is determined by the X and Y chromosomes. A female has what genotype? FEMALES ARE XX
IF YOU HAVE A “Y” YOU’RE A GUY
11. Why do we need 2 types of cell division? MITOSIS IS FOR BODY CELLS AND MEIOSIS IS FOR
REPRODUCTIVE CELLS
12. Why is Meiosis important for living things? MEIOSIS CREATES REPRODUCTIVE CELLS
13. If an organism has genes represented by Rr, how would a Geneticist describe them? HETEROZYGOUS
14. Where does a new cell get the DNA needed to function? CELLS COPY THE DNA BEFORE THE CELL
DIVIDES
15. What happens to DNA in a cell in order to prepare for cell division? DNA MAKES A COPY OF ITSELF
BEFORE CELL DIVISION
16. How does the DNA in the cells at the end of mitosis compare to the DNA in the starting cell? MITOSIS
CREATES EXACT COPIES OF CELLS. THEY ARE CLONES.
17. Why is cell division important? CELL DIVISON IS NEEDED FOR ORGANISM GROWTH, REPAIR
AND REPRODCUTION
18. How are reproductive cells different than other body cells? REPRODUCTIVE CELLS CARRY 1 INSTEAD
OF 2 COPIES OF EACH GENE
19. For the pedigree chart shown, where shaded is
recessive, what is the genotype of the father?
THE FATHER IS Dd BECAUSE HE HAS A
DOMINANT PHENOTYPE BUT PASSED A
RECESSIVE GENE TO ONE OF HIS DAUGHTERS
20. What genotype does the 5th
person in generation II have?
THE 5TH PERSON IN
GENERATION II IS
HETEROZYGOUS
BECAUSE THEY HAVE A
DOMINANT PHENOTYPE
BUT RECEIVED A
RECESSIVE ALLELE
FROM THEIR FATHER.
21. If a person has a genotype that ensures they will only pass a specific allele we would call it?
PUREBRED
22. What % offspring are dominant is if a heterozygous fish mates with a homozygous dominant one?
100% ARE DOMINANT BECAUSE THE HOMOZYGOUS DOMINAT PARENT ALWAYS PASSES A
DOMINANT ALLELE.
23. What % chance can a hetero and a homo recessive parent create a child with a recessive disease?
THERE IS A 50% CHANCE THAT AN OFFSPRING WILL RECEIVE A RECESSIVE ALLELE FROM
EACH PARENT.
24. In a plant, tall (D) is dominant. Short (d) is recessive. Which genotype would a short offspring have? SHORT
OFFSPRING HAVE THE dd GENOTYPE.
25 Jack bought a small turtle. Three months later, the turtle had grown to twice its original size.
Which of the following statements best describes why Jack’s turtle got bigger?
A Parts of the turtle stretched out as it grew larger.
B The number of cells in the turtle’s body increased.
C The turtle’s body absorbed the food it ate and water it drank.
D The size of each cell in the turtle’s body got bigger as it got older.
26 Steven went to a farm and picked a bright red tomato from a broken branch on the plant. The tomato had a
rotten spot with a worm inside of it. Instead of eating the tomato, Steven decided to plant the seeds and grow
new tomato plants.
Which characteristic of the tomato plant is inherited and could change over several generations?
A color of the skin
B size of rotten spots
C length of worms inside
D number of broken branches
27 Genetic engineering in corn allows genes from bacteria to be added to the genetic material of corn. In traditional
breeding, genes of only closely related types of corn can be exchanged.
What is one risk of genetically engineering corn plants?
A decreases the amount of pesticide needed to grow corn.
B increases the length of time corn can be stored before it rots
C increases the chance of adding a trait to corn that causes allergies
D decreases the number of corn plants a farmer can grow in a season
28 How did the work of Gregor Mendel change the scientific explanation about how traits were inherited?
A Mendel showed that every trait is controlled by two inherited elements.
B Mendel showed that an organism contains miniature forms of its future offspring.
C Mendel showed that traits skip a generation and are inherited grandparent to grandchild.
D Mendel showed that tiny particles from every part of the body of each parent became blended and
produced an individual with the characteristics of both.
29 The figure below shows a Punnet Square for an inherited trait.
The arrow is pointing to a circled genotype in the square. What genotype does the circled
“dd” represent?
A the genotype in the mother’s egg
B the genotype that only the girls will inherit
C the genotype that any of the children could inherit
D the genotype that exactly ¼ of the children will inherit