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Molecular Biology and Evolution 2008- 25:1 Articles Evidence Excluding the Root of the Tree of Life from the Actinobacteria 1-4 Jacqueline A. Servin, Craig W. Herbold, Ryan G. Skophammer, and James A. Lake Modeling Sites of RNA Editing as a Fifth Nucleotide State Reveals Progressive Loss of Edited Sites from Angiosperm Mitochondria 52-61 Jeffrey P. Mower Large Gene Family Expansion and Variable Selective Pressures for Cathepsin B in Aphids 5-17 Claude Rispe, Mayako Kutsukake, Vincent Doublet, Sylvie Hudaverdian, Fabrice Legeai, Jean-Christophe Simon, Denis Tagu, and Takema Fukatsu Chromosome-Specific Distribution of Nucleotide Substitutions in Telomeric Repeats of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) 62-68 Hiroshi Mizuno, Jianzhong Wu, Yuichi Katayose, Hiroyuki Kanamori, Takuji Sasaki, and Takashi Matsumoto Sequence Variation in the Primate Dopamine Transporter Gene and Its Relationship to Social Dominance 18-28 Cassandra M. Miller-Butterworth, Jay R. Kaplan, John Shaffer, Bernie Devlin, Stephen B. Manuck, and Robert E. Ferrell Convergent Domestication of pogo-like Transposases into Centromere-Binding Proteins in Fission Yeast and Mammals 29-41 Claudio Casola, Donald Hucks, and Cédric Feschotte The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Onychophoran Epiperipatus biolleyi Reveals a Unique Transfer RNA Set and Provides Further Support for the Ecdysozoa Hypothesis 42-51 Lars Podsiadlowski, Anke Braband, and Georg Mayer Conservation and Diversification of Msx Protein in Metazoan Evolution 69-82 Hirokazu Takahashi, Akiko Kamiya, Akira Ishiguro, Atsushi C. Suzuki, Naruya Saitou, Atsushi Toyoda, and Jun Aruga Alternative Methods for Concatenation of Core Genes Indicate a Lack of Resolution in Deep Nodes of the Prokaryotic Phylogeny 83-91 E. Bapteste, E. Susko, J. Leigh, I. RuizTrillo, J. Bucknam, and W.F. Doolittle Euglena Light-Harvesting Complexes Are Encoded by Multifarious Polyprotein mRNAs that Evolve in Concert 92-100 Adam G. Koziol and Dion G. Durnford Cis and Trans Regulatory Effects Contribute to Natural Variation in Transcriptome of Drosophila melanogaster 101-110 Anne Genissel, Lauren M. McIntyre, Marta L. Wayne, and Sergey V. Nuzhdin Evolutionary Dynamics of Introns in Plastid-Derived Genes in Plants: Saturation Nearly Reached but Slow Intron Gain Continues 111-119 Malay Kumar Basu, Igor B. Rogozin, Oliver Deusch, Tal Dagan, William Martin, and Eugene V. Koonin Strong Variations of Mitochondrial Mutation Rate across Mammals—the Longevity Hypothesis 120-130 Benoit Nabholz, Sylvain Glémin, and Nicolas Galtier Analysis of Nuclear Receptor Pseudogenes in Vertebrates: How the Silent Tell Their Stories 131-143 Zhengdong D. Zhang, Philip Cayting, George Weinstock, and Mark Gerstein Signatures of Selection in the Human Olfactory Receptor OR5I1 Gene 144-154 Andrés Moreno-Estrada, Ferran Casals, Anna Ramírez-Soriano, Baldo Oliva, Francesc Calafell, Jaume Bertranpetit, and Elena Bosch Insight into Ligand Diversity and Novel Biological Roles for Family 32 Carbohydrate-Binding Modules 155-167 D. Wade Abbott, José María Eirín-López, and Alisdair B. Boraston The Evolution of the Pheromonal Signal System and Its Potential Role for Reproductive Isolation in Heterothallic Neurospora 168-178 Magnus Karlsson, Kristiina Nygren, and Hanna Johannesson Consequences of Stop Codon Reassignment on Protein Evolution in Ciliates with Alternative Genetic Codes 179-186 Karen Lee Ring and Andre R. O. Cavalcanti Patterns of Evolution in the Unique tRNA Gene Arrays of the Genus Entamoeba 187-198 Blessing Tawari, Ibne Karim M. Ali, Claire Scott, Michael A. Quail, Matthew Berriman, Neil Hall, and C. Graham Clark Accounting for Bias from Sequencing Error in Population Genetic Estimates 199-206 Philip L. F. Johnson and Montgomery Slatkin Sexual Selection and the Adaptive Evolution of Mammalian Ejaculate Proteins 207-219 Steven A. Ramm, Peter L. Oliver, Chris P. Ponting, Paula Stockley, and Richard D. Emes Telomeres and Longevity: Testing an Evolutionary Hypothesis 220-228 Mark F. Haussmann and Robert A. Mauck Rapid R2 Retrotransposition Leads to the Loss of Previously Inserted Copies via Large Deletions of the rDNA Locus 229-237 Xian Zhang, Jun Zhou, and Thomas H. Eickbush Molecular Biology and Evolution 2008- 25:2 Articles A Bias in ML Estimates of Branch Lengths in the Presence of Multiple Signals 239-242 David Penny, W. T. White, Mike D. Hendy, and Matthew J. Phillips Diversifying Selection and Concerted Evolution of a Type IV Secretion System in Bartonella 287-300 Björn Nystedt, A. Carolin Frank, Mikael Thollesson, and Siv G. E. Andersson Evolutionary Rate Variation at Multiple Levels of Biological Organization in Plant Mitochondrial DNA 243-246 Daniel B. Sloan, Camille M. Barr, Matthew S. Olson, Stephen R. Keller, and Douglas R. Taylor Excavating Past Population Structures by Surname-Based Sampling: The Genetic Legacy of the Vikings in Northwest England 301-309 Georgina R. Bowden, Patricia Balaresque, Turi E. King, Ziff Hansen, Andrew C. Lee, Giles Pergl-Wilson, Emma Hurley, Stephen J. Roberts, Patrick Waite, Judith Jesch, Abigail L. Jones, Mark G. Thomas, Stephen E. Harding, and Mark A. Jobling Complex Selection on Intron Size in Cryptococcus neoformans 247-253 Stephanie S. Hughes, Cedric O. Buckley, and Daniel E. Neafsey Domain Tree-Based Analysis of Protein Architecture Evolution 254-264 Kristoffer Forslund, Anna Henricson, Volker Hollich, and Erik L. L. Sonnhammer Reevaluation of the cox1 Group I Intron in Araceae and Angiosperms Indicates a History Dominated by Loss rather than Horizontal Transfer 265-276 Natalie Cusimano, Li-Bing Zhang, and Susanne S. Renner Multiple Recombining Loci Encode MaSp1, the Primary Constituent of Dragline Silk, in Widow Spiders (Latrodectus: Theridiidae) 277-286 Nadia A. Ayoub and Cheryl Y. Hayashi Starvation Induces Genomic Rearrangements and Starvation-Resilient Phenotypes in Yeast 310-318 Scott Coyle and Evgueny Kroll Natural Variation in Arabidopsis lyrata Vernalization Requirement Conferred by a FRIGIDA Indel Polymorphism 319-329 Helmi Kuittinen, Anne Niittyvuopio, Paula Rinne, and Outi Savolainen Phylogenetic Comparison of Huntingtin Homologues Reveals the Appearance of a Primitive polyQ in Sea Urchin 330-338 Marzia Tartari, Carmela Gissi, Valentina Lo Sardo, Chiara Zuccato, Ernesto Picardi, Graziano Pesole, and Elena Cattaneo Codon Usage in Mitochondrial Genomes: Distinguishing ContextDependent Mutation from Translational Selection 339-351 Wenli Jia and Paul G. Higgs Duplication of Accelerated Evolution and Growth Hormone Gene in Passerine Birds 352-361 Tamaki Yuri, Rebecca T. Kimball, Edward L. Braun, and Michael J. Braun Exponential Decay of GC Content Detected by Strand-Symmetric Substitution Rates Influences the Evolution of Isochore Structure 362-374 J. E. Karro, M. Peifer, R. C. Hardison, M. Kollmann, and H. H. von Grünberg Widespread Evolutionary Conservation of Alternatively Spliced Exons in Caenorhabditis 375-382 Manuel Irimia, Jakob L. Rukov, David Penny, Jordi Garcia-Fernandez, Jeppe Vinther, and Scott W. Roy Adaptive Evolution of Proteins Secreted during Sperm Maturation: An Analysis of the Mouse Epididymal Transcriptome 383-392 Matthew D. Dean, Jeffrey M. Good, and Michael W. Nachman Functional Gene Losses Occur with Minimal Size Reduction in the Plastid Genome of the Parasitic Liverwort Aneura mirabilis 393-401 Norman J. Wickett, Yan Zhang, S. Kellon Hansen, Jessie M. Roper, Jennifer V. Kuehl, Sheila A. Plock, Paul G. Wolf, Claude W. dePamphilis, Jeffrey L. Boore, and Bernard Goffinet Large-Scale Appearance of Ultraconserved Elements in Tetrapod Genomes and Slowdown of the Molecular Clock 402-408 Stuart Stephen, Michael Pheasant, Igor V. Makunin, and John S. Mattick Selective Sweeps in a 2-Locus Model for Sex-Ratio Meiotic Drive in Drosophila simulans 409-416 Nicolas Derome, Emmanuelle Baudry, David Ogereau, Michel Veuille, and Catherine Montchamp-Moreau "Contrasting Patterns of Selection at Pinus pinaster Ait. Drought Stress Candidate Genes as Revealed by Genetic Differentiation Analyses" 417-437 Emmanuelle Eveno, Carmen Collada, M. Angeles Guevara, Valérie Léger, Alvaro Soto, Luis Díaz, Patrick Léger, Santiago C. González-Martínez, M. Teresa Cervera, Christophe Plomion, and Pauline H. Garnier-Géré Inferring Selection in Partially Sequenced Regions 438-446 Jeffrey D. Jensen, Kevin R. Thornton, and Charles F. Aquadro Topology-Bayes versus Clade-Bayes in Phylogenetic Analysis 447-453 Ward C. Wheeler and Kurt M. Pickett Contrasting the Efficacy of Selection on the X and Autosomes in Drosophila 454-467 Nadia D. Singh, Amanda M. Larracuente, and Andrew G. Clark mtDNA Variation Predicts Population Size in Humans and Reveals a Major Southern Asian Chapter in Human Prehistory 468-474 Quentin D. Atkinson, Russell D. Gray, and Alexei J. Drummond Molecular Biology and Evolution 2008- 25:3 Articles Bird Mitochondrial Gene Order: Insight from 3 Warbler Mitochondrial Genomes 475-477 Tiratha Raj Singh, Ophir Shneor, and Dorothée Huchon Native South American Genetic Structure and Prehistory Inferred from Hierarchical Modeling of mtDNA 478486 Cecil M. Lewis, Jr and Jeffrey C. Long Mitochondrial Genome of the Colorless Green Alga Polytomella capuana: A Linear Molecule with an Unprecedented GC Content 487-496 David R. Smith and Robert W. Lee Evidence for Positive Selection on Drosophila melanogaster Seminal Fluid Protease Homologs 497-506 Alex Wong, Michael C. Turchin, Mariana F. Wolfner, and Charles F. Aquadro Hydrogen Peroxide–Induced Gene Expression across Kingdoms: A Comparative Analysis 507-516 Korneel Vandenbroucke, Steven Robbens, Klaas Vandepoele, Dirk Inzé, Yves Van de Peer, and Frank Van Breusegem Contrasting Signatures of Population Growth for Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes among Human Populations in Africa 517-525 Maya Metni Pilkington, Jason A. Wilder, Fernando L. Mendez, Murray P. Cox, August Woerner, Thiep Angui, Sarah Kingan, Zahra Mobasher, Chiara Batini, Giovanni Destro-Bisol, Himla Soodyall, Beverly I. Strassmann, and Michael F. Hammer Investigation of Loss and Gain of Introns in the Compact Genomes of Pufferfishes (Fugu and Tetraodon) 526-535 Yong-Hwee Loh, Sydney Brenner, and Byrappa Venkatesh Metabolic Symbiosis and the Birth of the Plant Kingdom 536-548 Philippe Deschamps, Christophe Colleoni, Yasunori Nakamura, Eiji Suzuki, Jean-Luc Putaux, Alain Buléon, Sophie Haebel, Gerhard Ritte, Martin Steup, Luisa I. Falcón, David Moreira, Wolfgang Löffelhardt, Jenifer Nirmal Raj, Charlotte Plancke, Christophe d'Hulst, David Dauvillée, and Steven Ball A Comparative Synteny Map of Burkholderia Species Links Large-Scale Genome Rearrangements to Fine-Scale Nucleotide Variation in Prokaryotes 549-558 Chi Ho Lin, Guillaume Bourque, and Patrick Tan Integration of Horizontally Transferred Genes into Regulatory Interaction Networks Takes Many Million Years 559-567 Martin J. Lercher and Csaba Pál Mutation-Selection Models of Codon Substitution and Their Use to Estimate Selective Strengths on Codon Usage 568-579 Ziheng Yang and Rasmus Nielsen Nucleolar Binding Sequences of the Ribosomal Protein S6e Family Reside in Evolutionary Highly Conserved Peptide Clusters 580-590 Swarupa KunduMichalik, Marc-Angelo Bisotti, Edgar Lipsius, Andreas Bauche, Antonina Kruppa, Thomas Klokow, Gertrud Kammler, and Joachim Kruppa Rapid Rates of Lineage-Specific Gene Duplication and Deletion in the -Globin Gene Family 591-602 Federico G. Hoffmann, Juan C. Opazo, and Jay F. Storz The Mitochondrial Genome of the Gymnosperm Cycas taitungensis Contains a Novel Family of Short Interspersed Elements, Bpu Sequences, and Abundant RNA Editing Sites 603615 Shu-Miaw Chaw, Arthur ChunChieh Shih, Daryi Wang, Yu-Wei Wu, Shu-Mei Liu, and The-Yuan Chou Molecular Biology and Evolution 2008- 25:4 Articles Evidence for Male-Driven Evolution in Drosophila 617-619 Doris Bachtrog Rare Genomic Characters Do Not Support Coelomata: Intron Loss/Gain 620-623 Scott William Roy and Manuel Irimia Geological Dates and Molecular Rates: Fish DNA Sheds Light on Time Dependency 624-633 Christopher P. Burridge, Dave Craw, David Fletcher, and Jonathan M. Waters Mammalian Nonsynonymous Sites Are Not Overdispersed: Comparative Genomic Analysis of Index of Dispersion of Mammalian Proteins 634-642 Seong-Ho Kim and Soojin V. Yi Integrating Markov Clustering and Molecular Phylogenetics to Reconstruct the Cyanobacterial Species Tree from Conserved Protein Families 643-654 Wesley D. Swingley, Robert E. Blankenship, and Jason Raymond A 15-Myr-Old Genetic Bottleneck 655-663 Timothy Paape, Boris Igic, Stacey D. Smith, Richard Olmstead, Lynn Bohs, and Joshua R. Kohn A Phylogenomic Investigation into the Origin of Metazoa 664-672 Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo, Andrew J. Roger, Gertraud Burger, Michael W. Gray, and B. Franz Lang Lateral Symbiont Acquisition in a Maternally Transmitted Chemosynthetic Clam Endosymbiosis 673-687 Frank J. Stewart, Curtis R. Young, and Colleen M. Cavanaugh Simulating DNA Coding Sequence Evolution with EvolveAGene 3 688-695 Barry G. Hall Evidence for Convergent Nucleotide Evolution and High Allelic Turnover Rates at the complementary sex determiner Gene of Western and Asian Honeybees 696-708 Martin Hasselmann, Xavier Vekemans, Jochen Pflugfelder, Nikolaus Koeniger, Gudrun Koeniger, Salim Tingek, and Martin Beye Alternative Splicing at NAGNAG Acceptor Sites Shares Common Properties in Land Plants and Mammals 709-718 Kei Iida, Masafumi Shionyu, and Yasuhiro Suso The Essential Sequence Elements Required for RNAP II Carboxylterminal Domain Function in Yeast and Their Evolutionary Conservation 719-727 Pengda Liu, Arno L. Greenleaf, and John W. Stiller Phylogenetic Position of Nemertea Derived from Phylogenomic Data 728-736 Torsten H. Struck and Frauke Fisse Concerted Evolution of Sea Anemone Neurotoxin Genes Is Revealed through Analysis of the Nematostella vectensis Genome 737-747 Yehu Moran, Hagar Weinberger, James C. Sullivan, Adam M. Reitzel, John R. Finnerty, and Michael Gurevitz Genes of Cyanobacterial Origin in Plant Nuclear Genomes Point to a HeterocystForming Plastid Ancestor 748-761 Oliver Deusch, Giddy Landan, Mayo Roettger, Nicole Gruenheit, Klaus V. Kowallik, John F. Allen, William Martin, and Tal Dagan Reticulate Representation of Evolutionary and Functional Relationships between Phage Genomes 762-777 Gipsi Lima-Mendez, Jacques Van Helden, Ariane Toussaint, and Raphaël Leplae Divergence Times in Caenorhabditis and Drosophila Inferred from Direct Estimates of the Neutral Mutation Rate 778-786 Asher D. Cutter The Dynamic Nature of Eukaryotic Genomes 787-794 Laura Wegener Parfrey, Daniel J. G. Lahr, and Laura A. Katz Molecular Biology and Evolution 2008- 25:5 Articles Heterotypy in the N-Terminal Region of Growth/Differentiation Factor 5 (GDF5) Mature Protein during Teleost Evolution 797-800 Koji Fujimura, Yohey Terai, Naoya Ishiguro, Masaki Miya, Mutsumi Nishida, and Norihiro Okada A Test of the Null Model for 5' UTR Evolution Based on GC Content 801-804 Max Reuter, Jan Engelstädter, Pierre Fontanillas, and Laurence D. Hurst Inverted Replication of Vertebrate Mitochondria 805-808 Miguel M. Fonseca, David Posada, and D. James Harris Evolutionary Origins of a Novel Host Plant Detoxification Gene in Butterflies 809-820 Hanna M. Fischer, Christopher W. Wheat, David G. Heckel, and Heiko Vogel Near Intron Positions Are Reliable Phylogenetic Markers: An Application to Holometabolous Insects 821-830 Veiko Krauss, Christian Thümmler, Franziska Georgi, Jörg Lehmann, Peter F. Stadler, and Carina Eisenhardt Identification of Novel Mammalian Caspases Reveals an Important Role of Gene Loss in Shaping the Human Caspase Repertoire 831-841 Leopold Eckhart, Claudia Ballaun, Marcela Hermann, John L. VandeBerg, Wolfgang Sipos, Aumaid Uthman, Heinz Fischer, and Erwin Tschachler A Site- and Time-Heterogeneous Model of Amino Acid Replacement 842-858 Samuel Blanquart and Nicolas Lartillot Long-Term Evolutionary Stability of Bacterial Endosymbiosis in Curculionoidea: Additional Evidence of Symbiont Replacement in the Dryophthoridae Family 859-868 Cyrille Conord, Laurence Despres, Agnès Vallier, Séverine Balmand, Christian Miquel, Stéphanie Zundel, Guy Lemperiere, and Abdelaziz Heddi Influence Function for Robust Phylogenetic Reconstructions 869-873 Avner Bar-Hen, Mahendra Mariadassou, Marie-Anne Poursat, and Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse Phylogeny, Recombination, and Mechanisms of Stepwise Mitochondrial Genome Reorganization in Mantellid Frogs from Madagascar 874-891 Atsushi Kurabayashi, Masayuki Sumida, Hiromichi Yonekawa, Frank Glaw, Miguel Vences, and Masami Hasegawa Comparative Analysis of the MIR319a MicroRNA Locus in Arabidopsis and Related Brassicaceae 892-902 Norman Warthmann, Sandip Das, Christa Lanz, and Detlef Weigel Extremely Intron-Rich Genes in the Alveolate Ancestors Inferred with a Flexible Maximum-Likelihood Approach 903-911 Miklós Csurös, Igor B. Rogozin, and Eugene V. Koonin Conserved Features and Evolutionary Shifts of the EDA Signaling Pathway Involved in Vertebrate Skin Appendage Development 912-928 Sophie Pantalacci, Arnaud Chaumot, Gérard Benoît, Alexa Sadier, Frédéric Delsuc, Emmanuel J. P. Douzery, and Vincent Laudet Adaptive Evolution of Newly Emerged Micro-RNA Genes in Drosophila 929-938 Jian Lu, Yonggui Fu, Supriya Kumar, Yang Shen, Kai Zeng, Anlong Xu, Richard Carthew, and Chung-I Wu Origin, Evolution, and Biological Role of miRNA Cluster in DLK-DIO3 Genomic Region in Placental Mammals 939-948 Evgeny A. Glazov, Sean McWilliam, Wesley C. Barris, and Brian P. Dalrymple Parallel Evolution of Truncated Transfer RNA Genes in Arachnid Mitochondrial Genomes 949-959 Susan E. Masta and Jeffrey L. Boore Calculating Bootstrap Probabilities of Phylogeny Using Multilocus Sequence Data 960-971 Tae-Kun Seo Sexual Selection and Maintenance of Sex: Evidence from Comparisons of Rates of Genomic Accumulation of Mutations and Divergence of SexRelated Genes in Sexual and Hermaphroditic Species of Caenorhabditis 972-979 Carlo G. Artieri, Wilfried Haerty, Bhagwati P. Gupta, and Rama S. Singh Genesis and Expansion of Metazoan Transcription Factor Gene Classes 980-996 Claire Larroux, Graham N. Luke, Peter Koopman, Daniel S. Rokhsar, Sebastian M. Shimeld, and Bernard M. Degnan Overdominance in the Human Genome and Olfactory Receptor Activity 9971001 Santos Alonso, Saioa López, Neskuts Izagirre, and Concepción de la Rúa Molecular Biology and Evolution 2008- 25:6 Articles The Preferential Retention of Starch Synthesis Genes Reveals the Impact of Whole-Genome Duplication on Grass Evolution 1003-1006 Yufeng Wu, Zhengge Zhu, Ligeng Ma, and Mingsheng Chen The McDonald–Kreitman Test and Slightly Deleterious Mutations 1007-1015 Jane Charlesworth and Adam Eyre-Walker Toxin-Resistant Sodium Channels: Parallel Adaptive Evolution across a Complete Gene Family 1016-1024 Manda Clair Jost, David M. Hillis, Ying Lu, John W. Kyle, Harry A. Fozzard, and Harold H. Zakon Nonadaptive Explanations for Signatures of Partial Selective Sweeps in Drosophila 1025-1042 J. Michael Macpherson, Josefa González, Daniela M. Witten, Jerel C. Davis, Noah A. Rosenberg, Aaron E. Hirsh, and Dmitri A. Petrov Evolution of the Insulin Receptor Family and Receptor Isoform Expression in Vertebrates 1043-1053 Catalina Hernández-Sánchez, Alicia Mansilla, Flora de Pablo, and Rafael Zardoya A Mixed Branch Length Model of Heterotachy Improves Phylogenetic Accuracy 1054-1066 Bryan Kolaczkowski and Joseph W. Thornton Altered miRNA Repertoire in the Simplified Chordate, Oikopleura dioica 1067-1080 Xianghui Fu, Marcin Adamski, and Eric M. Thompson Evolution of Gene Expression in the Drosophila Olfactory System 1081-1092 Artyom Kopp, Olga Barmina, Andrew M. Hamilton, Laura Higgins, Lauren M. McIntyre, and Corbin D. Jones Ancient DNA Identification of Early 20th Century Simian T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 1093-1098 Sébastien Calvignac, Jean-Michel Terme, Shannon M. Hensley, Pierre Jalinot, Alex D. Greenwood, and Catherine Hänni Adaptive Evolution of Hepcidin Genes in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes 1099-1112 Qianghua Xu, Chi-Hing Christina Cheng, Peng Hu, Hua Ye, Zuozhou Chen, Lixue Cao, Lei Chen, Yu Shen, and Liangbiao Chen Emergence of Polyproline II-Like Structure at Early Stages of Experimental Evolution from Random Polypeptides 1113-1119 Hitoshi Toyota, Masato Hosokawa, Itaru Urabe, and Tetsuya Yomo On the Expansion of the Pentatricopeptide Repeat Gene Family in Plants 1120-1128 Nicholas O'Toole, Mitsuru Hattori, Charles Andres, Kei Iida, Claire Lurin, Christian Schmitz-Linneweber, Mamoru Sugita, and Ian Small Two Circular Chromosomes of Unequal Copy Number Make Up the Mitochondrial Genome of the Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis 1129-1137 Koushirou Suga, David B. Mark Welch, Yukari Tanaka, Yoshitaka Sakakura, and Atsushi Hagiwara Evolutionary Genomics of Host Adaptation in Vesicular Stomatitis Virus 1138-1147 Susanna K. Remold, Andrew Rambaut, and Paul E. Turner Mobility Pathways for Vertebrate L1, L2, CR1, and RTE Clade Retrotransposons 1148-1157 Kenji Ichiyanagi and Norihiro Okada The cbb3 Oxidases Are an Ancient Innovation of the Domain Bacteria 1158-1166 Anne-Lise Ducluzeau, Soufian Ouchane, and Wolfgang Nitschke A Cryptic Algal Group Unveiled: A Plastid Biosynthesis Pathway in the Oyster Parasite Perkinsus marinus 1167-1179 Motomichi Matsuzaki, Haruko Kuroiwa, Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Kiyoshi Kita, and Hisayoshi Nozaki Evolutionary Patterns of MHC Class II B in Owls and Their Implications for the Understanding of Avian MHC Evolution 1180-1191 Reto Burri, Hélène Niculita Hirzel, Nicolas Salamin, Alexandre Roulin, and Luca Fumagalli Origins of Human Malaria: Rare Genomic Changes and Full Mitochondrial Genomes Confirm the Relationship of Plasmodium falciparum to Other Mammalian Parasites but Complicate the Origins of Plasmodium vivax 1192-1198 Scott William Roy and Manuel Irimia An Information-Theoretic Method for the Treatment of Plural Ancestry in Phylogenetics 1199-1208 Supriya Munshaw and Thomas B. Kepler Climate Change and Postglacial Human Dispersals in Southeast Asia 1209-1218 Pedro Soares, Jean Alain Trejaut, Jun-Hun Loo, Catherine Hill, Maru Mormina, Chien-Liang Lee, YaoMing Chen, Georgi Hudjashov, Peter Forster, Vincent Macaulay, David Bulbeck, Stephen Oppenheimer, Marie Lin, and Martin B. Richards Alveolins, a New Family of Cortical Proteins that Define the Protist Infrakingdom Alveolata 1219-1230 Sven B. Gould, Wai-Hong Tham, Alan F. Cowman, Geoffrey I. McFadden, and Ross F. Waller Retrotransposition as a Source of New Promoters 1231-1238 Kohji Okamura and Kenta Nakai Fast Evolution of Core Promoters in Primate Genomes 1239-1244 Han Liang, Yeong-Shin Lin, and Wen-Hsiung Li Local Adaptation and Vector-Mediated Population Structure in Plasmodium vivax Malaria 1245-1252 Deirdre A. Joy, Lilia Gonzalez-Ceron, Jane M. Carlton, Amy Gueye, Michael Fay, Thomas F. McCutchan, and Xin-zhuan Su Molecular Biology and Evolution 2008- 25:7 Articles jModelTest: Phylogenetic Model Averaging 1253-1256 David Posada The Timing of Selection at the Human FOXP2 Gene 1257-1259 Graham Coop, Kevin Bullaughey, Francesca Luca, and Molly Przeworski Positive Selection and Expression Divergence Following Gene Duplication in the Sunflower CYCLOIDEA Gene Family 1260-1273 Mark A. Chapman, James H. Leebens-Mack, and John M. Burke Novel Transcriptome Patterns Accompany Evolutionary Restoration of Defective Social Development in the Bacterium Myxococcus xanthus 1274-1281 Supriya V. Kadam, Sigrun Wegener-Feldbrügge, Lotte SøgaardAndersen, and Gregory J. Velicer Parallel Rate Heterogeneity in Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Genomes of Brazil Nut Trees (Lecythidaceae) Is Consistent with Lineage Effects 12821296 David F. Soria-Hernanz, John M. Braverman, and Matthew B. Hamilton Plastid-Derived Genes in the Nonphotosynthetic Alveolate Oxyrrhis marina 1297-1306 Claudio H. Slamovits and Patrick J. Keeling An Improved General Amino Acid Replacement Matrix 1307-1320 Si Quang Le and Olivier Gascuel The Capsid of the T4 Phage Superfamily: The Evolution, Diversity, and Structure of Some of the Most Prevalent Proteins in the Biosphere 1321-1332 André M. Comeau and Henry M. Krisch Differential Evolution of the 13 Atlantic Salmon Hox Clusters 1333-1343 Sutada Mungpakdee, HeeChan Seo, Anna Rita Angotzi, Xianjun Dong, Altuna Akalin, and Daniel Chourrout Unequal Rates of Y Chromosome Gene Divergence during Speciation of the Family Ursidae 1344-1356 Shigeki Nakagome, Jill Pecon-Slattery, and Ryuichi Masuda Unicellular Ca2+ Signaling ‘Toolkit’ at the Origin of Metazoa 1357-1361 Xinjiang Cai The Impact of the Austronesian Expansion: Evidence from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Diversity in the Admiralty Islands of Melanesia 1362-1374 Manfred Kayser, Ying Choi, Mannis van Oven, Stefano Mona, Silke Brauer, Ronald J. Trent, Dagwin Suarkia, Wulf Schiefenhövel, and Mark Stoneking Selection on Amino Acid Substitutions in Arabidopsis 1375-1383 John Paul Foxe, Vaqaar-un-Nisa Dar, Honggang Zheng, Magnus Nordborg, Brandon S. Gaut, and Stephen I. Wright Coyotes Demonstrate How Habitat Specialization by Individuals of a Generalist Species Can Diversify Populations in a Heterogeneous Ecoregion 1384-1394 Benjamin N. Sacks, Danika L. Bannasch, Bruno B. Chomel, and Holly B. Ernest Systematic Survey for Novel Types of Prokaryotic Retroelements Based on Gene Neighborhood and Protein Architecture 1395-1404 Kenji K. Kojima and Minoru Kanehisa Organellar RNA Editing and PlantSpecific Extensions of Pentatricopeptide Repeat Proteins in Jungermanniid but not in Marchantiid Liverworts 1405-1414 Mareike Rüdinger, Monika Polsakiewicz, and Volker Knoop A Phylogenetic Analysis of Indel Dynamics in the Cotton Genus 1415-1428 Corrinne E. Grover, Yeisoo Yu, Rod A. Wing, Andrew H. Paterson, and Jonathan F. Wendel The Dscam Homologue of the Crustacean Daphnia Is Diversified by Alternative Splicing Like in Insects 1429-1439 Daniela Brites, Seanna McTaggart, Krystalynne Morris, Jobriah Anderson, Kelley Thomas, Isabelle Colson, Thomas Fabbro, Tom J. Little, Dieter Ebert, and Louis Du Pasquier Mitochondrial Genome Evolution in the Social Amoebae 1440-1450 Andrew J. Heidel and Gernot Glöckner Recurrent Tandem Gene Duplication Gave Rise to Functionally Divergent Genes in Drosophila 1451-1458 Chuanzhu Fan, Ying Chen, and Manyuan Long Smooth Skyride through a Rough Skyline: Bayesian Coalescent-Based Inference of Population Dynamics 1459-1471 Vladimir N. Minin, Erik W. Bloomquist, and Marc A. Suchard Polyploid Speciation Did Not Confer Instant Reproductive Isolation in Capsella (Brassicaceae) 1472-1481 Tanja Slotte, Huirun Huang, Martin Lascoux, and Alf Ceplitis Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Moss (Ceratodon purpureus) Nonsymbiotic Hemoglobin Provides Insight into the Early Evolution of Plant Nonsymbiotic Hemoglobins 1482-1487 Verónica Garrocho-Villegas and Raúl Arredondo-Peter High Rates of Molecular Evolution in Hantaviruses 1488-1492 Cadhla Ramsden, Fernando L. Melo, Luiz. M. Figueiredo, Edward C. Holmes, Paolo M.A. Zanotto, and the VGDN Consortium Molecular Evolution of a PrimateSpecific microRNA Family 1493-1502 Rui Zhang, Yin-Qiu Wang, and Bing Su Bayesian Inference of Errors in Ancient DNA Caused by Postmortem Degradation 1503-1511 Ligia M. Mateiu and Bruce H. Rannala Difficulties in Testing for Covarion-Like Properties of Sequences under the Confounding Influence of Changing Proportions of Variable Sites 1512-1520 Nicole Gruenheit, Peter J. Lockhart, Mike Steel, and William Martin Molecular Biology and Evolution 2008- 25:8 Articles Convergent Evolution of Clustering of Iroquois Homeobox Genes across Metazoans 1521-1525 Manuel Irimia, Ignacio Maeso, and Jordi Garcia-Fernàndez The Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors Sec2 and PRONE: Candidate Synapomorphies for the Opisthokonta and the Archaeplastida 1526-1529 Marek Elias Natural Selection against Protein Aggregation on Self-Interacting and Essential Proteins in Yeast, Fly, and Worm 1530-1533 Yiwen Chen and Nikolay V. Dokholyan Genetic Exchange versus Genetic Differentiation in a Medium-Sized Inversion of Drosophila: The A2/Ast Arrangements of Drosophila subobscura 1534-1543 Clévio Nóbrega, Mahnaz Khadem, Montserrat Aguadé, and Carmen Segarra Influence of the Mutant Spectrum in Viral Evolution: Focused Selection of Antigenic Variants in a Reconstructed Viral Quasispecies 1544-1554 Verónica Martín and Esteban Domingo Coexpression of Linked Genes in Mammalian Genomes Is Generally Disadvantageous 1555-1565 Ben-Yang Liao and Jianzhi Zhang Substitution of the Gene for Chloroplast RPS16 Was Assisted by Generation of a Dual Targeting Signal 1566-1575 Minoru Ueda, Tomotaro Nishikawa, Masaru Fujimoto, Hideki Takanashi, Shin-ichi Arimura, Nobuhiro Tsutsumi, and Koh-ichi Kadowaki How Well Does the HoT Score Reflect Sequence Alignment Accuracy? 1576-1580 Barry G. Hall Duplication and Functional Diversification of HAP3 Genes Leading to the Origin of the Seed-Developmental Regulatory Gene, LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1), in Nonseed Plant Genomes 1581-1592 Zengyan Xie, Xia Li, Beverley J. Glover, Shunong Bai, Guang-Yuan Rao, Jingchu Luo, and Ji Yang Distinct Evolutionary Patterns between Chemoreceptors of 2 Vertebrate Olfactory Systems and the Differential Tuning Hypothesis 1593-1601 Wendy E. Grus and Jianzhi Zhang DNA Methylation and Structural and Functional Bimodality of Vertebrate Promoters 1602-1608 Navin Elango and Soojin V. Yi Long-Term Balancing Selection at the West Nile Virus Resistance Gene, Oas1b, Maintains Transspecific Polymorphisms in the House Mouse 1609-1618 William Ferguson, Shira Dvora, Juliana Gallo, Annie Orth, and Stéphane Boissinot The Deep Archaeal Roots of Eukaryotes 1619-1630 Natalya Yutin, Kira S. Makarova, Sergey L. Mekhedov, Yuri I. Wolf, and Eugene V. Koonin Overdispersion of the Molecular Clock: Temporal Variation of Gene-Specific Substitution Rates in Drosophila 1631-1638 Trevor Bedford and Daniel L. Hartl Effects of X-Linkage and Sex-Biased Gene Expression on the Rate of Adaptive Protein Evolution in Drosophila 1639-1650 John F. Baines, Stanley A. Sawyer, Daniel L. Hartl, and John Parsch Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny in Eastern and Western Slavs 1651-1658 B. Malyarchuk, T. Grzybowski, M. Derenko, M. Perkova, T. Vanecek, J. Lazur, P. Gomolcak, and I. Tsybovsky Signature Genes as a Phylogenomic Tool 1659-1667 Bas E. Dutilh, Berend Snel, Thijs J. G. Ettema, and Martijn A. Huynen Widespread Ultraconservation Divergence in Primates 1668-1676 Ivan Ovcharenko Reconstructing Evolutionary Graphs: 3D Parsimony 1677-1682 James A. Lake Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity in Nucleotide Sequence Evolution 1683-1694 Simon Whelan Nontoxic Strains of Cyanobacteria Are the Result of Major Gene Deletion Events Induced by a Transposable Element 1695-1704 Guntram Christiansen, Carole Molitor, Benjamin Philmus, and Rainer Kurmayer The Sperm Proteins from Amphioxus Mirror Its Basal Position among Chordates and Redefine the Origin of Vertebrate Protamines 1705-1713 José María Eirín-López, Lindsay J. Frehlick, Manel Chiva, Núria Saperas, and Juan Ausió Inferring Natural Selection on FineScale Chromatin Organization in Yeast 1714-1727 G. A. Babbitt and Y. Kim The Impact of Founder Events on Chromosomal Variability in Multiply Mating Species 1728-1736 John E. Pool and Rasmus Nielsen Programmed Genetic Instability: A Tumor-Permissive Mechanism for Maintaining the Evolvability of Higher Species through Methylation-Dependent Mutation of DNA Repair Genes in the Male Germ Line 1737-1749 Yongzhong Zhao and Richard J. Epstein Gene Flow and Natural Selection in Oceanic Human Populations Inferred from Genome-Wide SNP Typing 1750-1761 Ryosuke Kimura, Jun Ohashi, Yasuhiro Matsumura, Minato Nakazawa, Tsukasa Inaoka, Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Motoki Osawa, and Katsushi Tokunaga Frequent, Phylogenetically Local Horizontal Transfer of the cox1 Group I Intron in Flowering Plant Mitochondria 1762-1777 M. Virginia Sanchez-Puerta, Yangrae Cho, Jeffrey P. Mower, Andrew J. Alverson, and Jeffrey D. Palmer Compensatory Evolution in RNA Secondary Structures Increases Substitution Rate Variation among Sites 1778-1787 Jennifer L. Knies, Kristen K. Dang, Todd J. Vision, Noah G. Hoffman, Ronald Swanstrom, and Christina L. Burch Molecular Biology and Evolution 2008- 25:9 Articles Presence of a Latent Mitochondrial Targeting Signal in Gene on Mitochondrial Genome 1791-1793 Minoru Ueda, Masaru Fujimoto, Shinichi Arimura, Nobuhiro Tsutsumi, and Koh-ichi Kadowaki Confirming the Phylogeny of Mammals by Use of Large Comparative Sequence Data Sets 1795-1808 Arjun B. Prasad, Marc W. Allard, NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, and Eric D. Green A Maximum Likelihood Method for Detecting Directional Evolution in Protein Sequences and Its Application to Influenza A Virus 1809-1824 Sergei L. Kosakovsky Pond, Art F.Y. Poon, Andrew J. Leigh Brown, and Simon D.W. Frost Positive and Negative Selection on Noncoding DNA in Drosophila simulans 1825-1834 Penelope R. Haddrill, Doris Bachtrog, and Peter Andolfatto Neutrality of Foreign Complex Subunits in an Experimental Model of Lateral Gene Transfer 1835-1840 Alon Wellner and Uri Gophna Gene Expansion and Retention Leads to a Diverse Tyrosine Kinase Superfamily in Amphioxus 1841-1854 Salvatore D'Aniello, Manuel Irimia, Ignacio Maeso, Juan Pascual-Anaya, Senda Jiménez-Delgado, Stephanie Bertrand, and Jordi Garcia-Fernàndez Interacting Gene Clusters and the Evolution of the Vertebrate Immune System 1855-1862 Takashi Makino and Aoife McLysaght Roles of cis- and trans-Changes in the Regulatory Evolution of Genes in the Gluconeogenic Pathway in Yeast 1863-1875 Ya-Wen Chang, Fu-Guo Robert Liu, Ning Yu, Huang-Mo Sung, Peggy Yang, Daryi Wang, Chih-Jen Huang, Ming-Che Shih, and WenHsiung Li Genome Evolution of Wolbachia Strain wPip from the Culex pipiens Group 1877-1887 Lisa Klasson, Thomas Walker, Mohammed Sebaihia, Mandy J. Sanders, Michael A. Quail, Angela Lord, Susanne Sanders, Julie Earl, Scott L. O'Neill, Nicholas Thomson, Steven P. Sinkins, and Julian Parkhill Intense Transpositional Activity of Insertion Sequences in an Ancient Obligate Endosymbiont 1889-1896 Richard Cordaux, Samuel Pichon, Alison Ling, Philippe Pérez, Carine Delaunay, Fabrice Vavre, Didier Bouchon, and Pierre Grève Similar Numbers but Different Repertoires of Olfactory Receptor Genes in Humans and Chimpanzees 1897-1907 Yasuhiro Go and Yoshihito Niimura Evolution of Closely Linked Gene Pairs in Vertebrate Genomes 1909-1921 Erik Franck, Tim Hulsen, Martijn A. Huynen, Wilfried W. de Jong, Nicolette H. Lubsen, and Ole Madsen Arthropod 7SK RNA 1923-1930 Andreas R. Gruber, Carsten Kilgus, Axel Mosig, Ivo L. Hofacker, Wolfgang Hennig, and Peter F. Stadler An Assessment of the Impacts of Molecular Oxygen on the Evolution of Proteomes 1931-1942 Sara Vieira-Silva and Eduardo P. C. Rocha Frequent and Widespread Parallel Evolution of Protein Sequences 1943-1953 Antonis Rokas and Sean B. Carroll Phylogenetic Analysis of Nitrite, Nitric Oxide, and Nitrous Oxide Respiratory Enzymes Reveal a Complex Evolutionary History for Denitrification 1955-1966 Christopher M. Jones, Blaz Stres, Magnus Rosenquist, and Sara Hallin Nucleus-Encoded Periplastid-Targeted EFL in Chlorarachniophytes 1967-1977 Gillian H. Gile and Patrick J. Keeling Estimation of Hominoid Ancestral Population Sizes under Bayesian Coalescent Models Incorporating Mutation Rate Variation and Sequencing Errors 1979-1994 Ralph Burgess and Ziheng Yang Likelihood-Based Clustering (LiBaC) for Codon Models, a Method for Grouping Sites according to Similarities in the Underlying Process of Evolution 1995-2007 Le Bao, Hong Gu, Katherine A. Dunn, and Joseph P. Bielawski Cilium Evolution: Identification of a Novel Protein, Nematocilin, in the Mechanosensory Cilium of Hydra Nematocytes 2009-2017 Jung Shan Hwang, Yasuharu Takaku, Jarrod Chapman, Kazuho Ikeo, Charles N. David, and Takashi Gojobori The Complete Nucleotide Sequences of the 5 Genetically Distinct Plastid Genomes of Oenothera, Subsection Oenothera: II. A Microevolutionary View Using Bioinformatics and Formal Genetic Data 2019-2030 Stephan Greiner, Xi Wang, Reinhold G. Herrmann, Uwe Rauwolf, Klaus Mayer, Georg Haberer, and Jörg Meurer Halogenase Genes in Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Gene Clusters of Microcystis (Cyanobacteria): Sporadic Distribution and Evolution 2031-2041 Sabrina Cadel-Six, Catherine Dauga, Anne Marie Castets, Rosmarie Rippka, Christiane Bouchier, Nicole Tandeau de Marsac, and Martin Welker Evidence of Adaptive Evolution of Accessory Gland Proteins in Closely Related Species of the Drosophila repleta Group 2043-2053 Francisca C. Almeida and Rob DeSalle SNAREing the Basis of Multicellularity: Consequences of Protein Family Expansion during Evolution 2055-2068 Tobias H. Kloepper, C. Nickias Kienle, and Dirk Fasshauer The Evolution of the Flagellar Assembly Pathway in Endosymbiotic Bacterial Genomes 2069-2076 Christina Toft and Mario A. Fares Molecular Biology and Evolution 2008- 25:10 Articles Insertion DNA Promotes Ectopic Recombination during Meiosis in Arabidopsis 2079-2083 Xiaoqin Sun, Yuanli Zhang, Sihai Yang, Jian-Qun Chen, Barbara Hohn, and Dacheng Tian Analysis of a Horizontally Transferred Pathway Involved in Vitamin B6 Biosynthesis from the Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera glycines 20852098 James P. Craig, Sadia Bekal, Matthew Hudson, Leslie Domier, Terry Niblack, and Kris N. Lambert Chalcone Synthase Gene Lineage Diversification Confirms Allopolyploid Evolutionary Relationships of European Rostrate Violets 2099-2108 Kevin van den Hof, Ronald G. van den Berg, and Barbara Gravendeel From Drought Sensing to Developmental Control: Evolution of Cyclic AMP Signaling in Social Amoebas 2109-2118 Allyson V. Ritchie, Saskia van Es, Celine Fouquet, and Pauline Schaap Evolutionary Diversification in Polyamine Biosynthesis 2119-2128 Eugenio G. Minguet, Francisco VeraSirera, Alberto Marina, Juan Carbonell, and Miguel A. Blázquez Intron Presence–Absence Polymorphisms in Daphnia 2129-2139 Angela R. Omilian, Douglas G. Scofield, and Michael Lynch A Multilocus Molecular Phylogeny of the Parrots (Psittaciformes): Support for a Gondwanan Origin during the Cretaceous 2141-2156 Timothy F. Wright, Erin E. Schirtzinger, Tania Matsumoto, Jessica R. Eberhard, Gary R. Graves, Juan J. Sanchez, Sara Capelli, Heinrich Müller, Julia Scharpegge, Geoffrey K. Chambers, and Robert C. Fleischer Recent Origins of Sperm Genes in Drosophila 2157-2166 Steve Dorus, Zoë N. Freeman, Elizabeth R. Parker, Benjamin D. Heath, and Timothy L. Karr Rapidly Evolving Mitochondrial Genome and Directional Selection in Mitochondrial Genes in the Parasitic Wasp Nasonia (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) 2167-2180 Deodoro C. S. G. Oliveira, Rhitoban Raychoudhury, Dennis V. Lavrov, and John H. Werren The Effect of Ancient DNA Damage on Inferences of Demographic Histories 2181-2187 Erik Axelsson, Eske Willerslev, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, and Rasmus Nielsen c-Myb Is an Evolutionary Conserved miR-150 Target and miR-150/c-Myb Interaction Is Important for Embryonic Development 2189-2198 You-Chin Lin, Ming-Wei Kuo, John Yu, Huan-Hsien Kuo, RueyJen Lin, Wan-Lin Lo, and Alice L. Yu Synonymous and Nonsynonymous Polymorphisms versus Divergences in Bacterial Genomes 2199-2209 Austin L. Hughes, Robert Friedman, Pierre Rivailler, and Jeffrey O. French Population-Based Resequencing Reveals That the Flowering Time Adaptation of Cultivated Barley Originated East of the Fertile Crescent 2211-2219 Huw Jones, Fiona J. Leigh, Ian Mackay, Mim A. Bower, Lydia M.J. Smith, Michael P. Charles, Glynis Jones, Martin K. Jones, Terence A. Brown, and Wayne Powell A Phylogenomic Analysis of the Shikimate Dehydrogenases Reveals Broadscale Functional Diversification and Identifies One Functionally Distinct Subclass 2221-2232 Sasha Singh, John Stavrinides, Dinesh Christendat, and David S. Guttman Big Bang in the Evolution of Extant Malaria Parasites 2233-2239 Toshiyuki Hayakawa, Richard Culleton, Hiroto Otani, Toshihiro Horii, and Kazuyuki Tanabe Subdivision in an Ancestral Species Creates Asymmetry in Gene Trees 2241-2246 Montgomery Slatkin and Joshua L. Pollack Molecular Biology and Evolution 2008- 25:11 Articles Positive Selection in ASPM Is Correlated with Cerebral Cortex Evolution across Primates but Not with Whole-Brain Size 2247-2250 Farhan Ali and Rudolf Meier Adaptive Evolution in Rodent Seminal Vesicle Secretion Proteins 2301-2310 Robert C. Karn, Nathaniel L. Clark, Eric D. Nguyen, and Willie J. Swanson Intragenomic Variation of Fungal Ribosomal Genes Is Higher than Previously Thought 2251-2254 Uwe K. Simon and Michael Weiß Ohno's Model Revisited: Measuring the Frequency of Potentially Adaptive Mutations under Various Mutational Drifts 2311-2318 Shimon Bershtein and Dan S. Tawfik Evolutionary Diversification of the Sm Family of RNA-Associated Proteins 2255-2267 Douglas G. Scofield and Michael Lynch Estimation of Phylogenetic Inconsistencies in the Three Domains of Life 2319-2329 Victor Soria-Carrasco and Jose Castresana Developmental Stage and Level of Codon Usage Bias in Drosophila 2269-2277 Saverio Vicario, Christopher E. Mason, Kevin P. White, and Jeffrey R. Powell The Legacy of Domestication: Accumulation of Deleterious Mutations in the Dog Genome 2331-2336 Fernando Cruz, Carles Vilà, and Matthew T. Webster Coevolution of Codon Usage and tRNA Genes Leads to Alternative Stable States of Biased Codon Usage 2279-2291 Paul G. Higgs and Wenqi Ran Evolution of Genes and Repeats in the Nimrod Superfamily 2337-2347 Kálmán Somogyi, Botond Sipos, Zsolt Pénzes, Éva Kurucz, János Zsámboki, Dan Hultmark, and István Andó Clues about the Genetic Basis of Adaptation Emerge from Comparing the Proteomes of Two Ostreococcus Ecotypes (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae) 2293-2300 Séverine Jancek, Sébastien Gourbière, Hervé Moreau, and Gwenaël Piganeau Gene Duplications and Losses within the Cyclooxygenase Family of Teleosts and Other Chordates 2349-2359 Justin C. Havird, Michael M. Miyamoto, Keith P. Choe, and David H. Evans Evolutionary Switch and Genetic Convergence on rbcL following the Evolution of C4 Photosynthesis 2361-2368 Pascal-Antoine Christin, Nicolas Salamin, A. Muthama Muasya, Eric H. Roalson, Flavien Russier, and Guillaume Besnard Intraphylum Diversity and Complex Evolution of Cyanobacterial AminoacyltRNA Synthetases 2369-2389 Ignacio Luque, María Loreto Riera-Alberola, Alfonso Andújar, and Jesús A. G. Ochoa de Alda Evolution of Snake Venom Disintegrins by Positive Darwinian Selection 2391-2407 Paula Juárez, Iñaki Comas, Fernando González-Candelas, and Juan J. Calvete Estimation of Nucleotide Diversity, Disequilibrium Coefficients, and Mutation Rates from High-Coverage Genome-Sequencing Projects 2409-2419 Michael Lynch Recurrent Positive Selection of the Drosophila Hybrid Incompatibility Gene Hmr 2421-2430 Shamoni Maheshwari, Jun Wang, and Daniel A. Barbash Alternative Splicing and the SteadyState Ratios of mRNA Isoforms Generated by It Are under Strong Stabilizing Selection in Caenorhabditis elegans 2431-2437 Sergio BarberanSoler and Alan M. Zahler Mutagenesis from Meiotic Recombination Is Not a Primary Driver of Sequence Divergence between Saccharomyces Species 2439-2444 Mohamed A. F. Noor Multiple Paleopolyploidizations during the Evolution of the Compositae Reveal Parallel Patterns of Duplicate Gene Retention after Millions of Years 2445-2455 Michael S. Barker, Nolan C. Kane, Marta Matvienko, Alexander Kozik, Richard W. Michelmore, Steven J. Knapp, and Loren H. Rieseberg Multiple Genome Comparison within a Bacterial Species Reveals a Unit of Evolution Spanning Two Adjacent Genes in a Tandem Paralog Cluster 2457-2473 Takeshi Tsuru and Ichizo Kobayashi Analysis of Two Genomes from the Mitochondrion-Like Organelle of the Intestinal Parasite Blastocystis: Complete Sequences, Gene Content, and Genome Organization 2475-2482 Vicente Pérez-Brocal and C. Graham Clark Robert Piskol and Wolfgang Stephan Analyzing the Evolution of RNA Secondary Structures in Vertebrate Introns Using Kimura's Model of Compensatory Fitness Interactions 2483-2492 Nonrandom Wolbachia Infection Status of Drosophila melanogaster Strains with Different mtDNA Haplotypes 2493-2498 Maria D. S. Nunes, Viola Nolte, and Christian Schlötterer A Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomes in Coleoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta) and Genome Descriptions of Six New Beetles 2499-2509 N. C. Sheffield, H. Song, S. L. Cameron, and M. F. Whiting Molecular Biology and Evolution 2008- 25:12 Articles Regulation Dynamics of WGD Genes during Yeast Metabolic Oscillation 2513-2516 Hong Chen, Lin Xu, and Zhenglong Gu Characterization of Reticulate Networks Based on the Coalescent with Recombination 2517-2520 Miguel Arenas, Gabriel Valiente, and David Posada Uncorrected Nucleotide Bias in mtDNA Can Mimic the Effects of Positive Darwinian Selection 2521-2524 Mihai Albu, Xiang Jia Min, Donal Hickey, and Brian Golding Quantifying the Stationarity and Time Reversibility of the Nucleotide Substitution Process 2525-2535 Federico Squartini and Peter F. Arndt Evolutionary Constraint and Adaptation in the Metabolic Network of Drosophila 2537-2546 Anthony J. Greenberg, Sarah R. Stockwell, and Andrew G. Clark Relaxed Selection on the CBF/DREB1 Regulatory Genes and Reduced Freezing Tolerance in the Southern Range of Arabidopsis thaliana 2547-2555 Ying Zhen and Mark C. Ungerer The Proteomic Constraint and Its Role in Molecular Evolution 2557-2565 Steven E. Massey Patterns of Divergence among Conifer ESTs and Polymorphism in Pinus sylvestris Identify Putative Selective Sweeps 2567-2577 Anna E. Palmé, Mark Wright, and Outi Savolainen The Relationship Between Microsatellite Polymorphism and Recombination Hot Spots in the Human Genome 2579-2587 Mikael Brandström, Andrew T. Bagshaw, Neil J. Gemmell, and Hans Ellegren New Genes Originated via Multiple Recombinational Pathways in the βGlobin Gene Family of Rodents 2589-2600 Federico G. Hoffmann, Juan C. Opazo, and Jay F. Storz How Segmental Duplications Shape Our Genome: Recent Evolution of ABCC6 and PKD1 Mendelian Disease Genes 2601-2613 Orsolya Symmons, András Váradi, and Tamás Arányi Conditional Gene Genealogies under Strong Purifying Selection 2615-2626 John Wakeley Evolution of Soldier-Specific Venomous Protease in Social Aphids 2627-2641 Mayako Kutsukake, Naruo Nikoh, Harunobu Shibao, Claude Rispe, Jean-Christophe Simon, and Takema Fukatsu Evolution of Hormone Signaling in Elasmobranchs by Exploitation of Promiscuous Receptors 2643-2652 Sean Michael Carroll, Jamie T. Bridgham, and Joseph W. Thornton Ancient Recruitment by Chromists of Green Algal Genes Encoding Enzymes for Carotenoid Biosynthesis 2653-2667 Ruth Frommolt, Sonja Werner, Harald Paulsen, Reimund Goss, Christian Wilhelm, Stefan Zauner, Uwe G. Maier, Arthur R. Grossman, Debashish Bhattacharya, and Martin Lohr Balancing Selection at a Frog Antimicrobial Peptide Locus: Fluctuating Immune Effector Alleles? 2669-2680 Jacob A. Tennessen and Michael S. Blouin Genome Size Reduction in the Chicken Has Involved Massive Loss of Ancestral Protein-Coding Genes 2681-2688 Austin L. Hughes and Robert Friedman The Apicomplexan Whole-Genome Phylogeny: An Analysis of Incongruence among Gene Trees 2689-2698 Chih-Horng Kuo, John P. Wares, and Jessica C. Kissinger An Ancient Evolutionary Origin of Genes Associated with Human Genetic Diseases 2699-2707 Tomislav Domazet-Loso and Diethard Tautz Comprehensive Analysis of Archaeal tRNA Genes Reveals Rapid Increase of tRNA Introns in the Order Thermoproteales 2709-2716 Junichi Sugahara, Kaoru Kikuta, Kosuke Fujishima, Nozomu Yachie, Masaru Tomita, and Akio Kanai Origins and Evolution of the Formin Multigene Family That Is Involved in the Formation of Actin Filaments 2717-2733 Dimitra Chalkia, Nikolas Nikolaidis, Wojciech Makalowski, Jan Klein, and Masatoshi Nei Different Selective Pressures Shape the Molecular Evolution of Color Vision in Chimpanzee and Human Populations 2735-2743 Brian C. Verrelli, Cecil M. Lewis, Jr, Anne C. Stone, and George H. Perry Wheels within Wheels: Clues to the Evolution of the Gnas and Gnal Loci 2745-2757 Samir Wadhawan, Benjamin Dickins, and Anton Nekrutenko Evidence for Variable Selective Pressures at a Large Secondary Structure of the Human Mitochondrial DNA Control Region 2759-2770 Filipe Pereira, Pedro Soares, João Carneiro, Luísa Pereira, Martin B. Richards, David C. Samuels, and António Amorim