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Get your textbook (p. 154) and science notebook ready. SNB page 35/ Write the title and follow the directions. Mendel’s Work (Cornell Style notes on SNB page 37) 1. Heredity is the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring. Mendel’s Work 2. Traits are physical characteristics that can be passed from parents to offspring. 3. Genetics is the study of heredity. 4. Mendel is considered the father of genetics. 5. A new organism begins to form when male and female sex cells join in the process called fertilization. Mend controlled the fertilization in pea plants. 6. A purebred organism is the offspring of many generations that have the same traits. . 7. Mendel’s Experiment: P Generation – In the Parent Generation, a tall purebred was cross with a short purebred. . 8. 1st Generation – All of the offspring were tall. None of the offspring were short even though one parent was short. . 9. 2nd Generation – Offspring occurred in the ratio of three tall plants to one short plant.. 10. The short trait did not occur in the 1st generation, but reappeared in the 2nd generation. Replicate figure 1 on textbook page 155. Use the top half of SNB page 36. Replicate Figure 2 on textbook page 156. Use the bottom half of SNB page 36. How could a short plant come from all tall plants? Mendel reasoned that two factors determined the height of a plant. The F1 generation has a tall factor and short factor, so the short plant received two short factors. 11. The factors that determine traits are called genes. 12. P Generation: One parent had two tall genes. The other parent had two short genes. 13. F1 Generation: All offspring have one tall and one short gene. 14. F2 Generation: Three possibilities: • Can get a tall gene from both parents. • Can get a tall from one parent and a short from the other. • Can get a short gene from each parent. 15 Summary: Traits are controlled by two genes. • One gene comes from the female parent and the other comes from the male parent. • One gene of a pair can hide or dominate the trait of another gene. • Offspring receiving two hidden or recessive genes will have the hidden trait.