Download PSYC 2500-02 LEARNING: QUIZ 2 NAME: Spring 2016 Read each

PSYC 2500-02 LEARNING: QUIZ 2
NAME:
Spring 2016
Read each question and all the alternatives carefully. Circle the letter of the BEST answer on this sheet, and fill in the corresponding bubble on your
bubble sheet. Focus on what the question asks for; don't just choose an answer that is a true statement on its own.
1.
In Rescorla's experiment on contingency in rats, what did the presence of the tone say to the group that had been shocked 40% of the time
when the tone was on but only 10% of the time when the tone was off?
a)
It tells the rat to be less scared than it should be with no tone
b)
It tells the rat to be more scared than it should be with no tone
c)
It does not give the rat any information
d)
It tells the rat a shock is not coming
2.
In the Rescorla-Wagner model of classical conditioning, "salience" refers to
a)
the amount of conditioning the subject has incurred
b)
the noticeability of the CS
c)
the noticeability of the UR
d)
the level of habituation the subject has to the US
3.
Which of the following is NOT explained by the Rescorla-Wagner model of classical conditioning?
a)
Blocking
b)
Extinction
c)
Spontaneous Recovery
d)
None of the above are explained by the model
4.
Which of these is NOT true of classical conditioning?
a)
Another name for it is respondent conditioning.
b)
The response is elicited, meaning that the US causes the UR, and the animal is forced to respond.
c)
The response is emitted, meaning that the reinforcement does not cause a response, and the animal must produce the response on its
own.
d)
the animal learns a signal such as "one stimulus predicts another".
5.
Which of the following is NOT true of Skinner's view of operant conditioning?
a)
He assumes a neural model explaining S-R connections.
b)
He believes reinforcement does not strengthen an S-R connection.
c)
The goal of behaviorism is perfect prediction of behavior.
d)
He believes that a response is best thought of as a class of behaviors which includes any action that is controlled by the reinforcement.
6.
When Kohler described the behavior of apes who suddenly placed two poles together to reach some bananas at the top of their cage, he was
providing an example of
a)
insight learning
b)
incremental learning
c)
trial and error learning
d)
latent learning
7.
Which of the following statements is NOT true about reinforcement?
a)
Reinforcement increases the tendency to perform a response.
b)
Conditioned reinforcement is similar to second-order conditioning.
c)
Reinforcement is anything that results in an increase in Drive.
d)
Both the amount and the number of reinforcements can affect behavior.
8.
The Crespi-Zeaman Effect influenced Hull's theory by showing that:
a)
the number of reinforcements and amount of reinforcement are part of the same effect.
b)
the amount of reinforcement can affect behavior by itself, so it needs to be separated from number of reinforcements in the equation.
c)
the running speed of rats is not affected by changing the amount of reinforcement.
d)
none of the above
9.
According to Skinner, which of the following is an example of positive punishment?
a)
spanking a child
b)
taking away a child's dessert
c)
letting a child stay up later
d)
reducing the amount of time a child can watch television
10.
Positive reinforcement:
a)
is associated with delivering a stimulus the animal doesn't want
b)
increases rate of responding
c)
decreases rate of responding
d)
is associated with removing a "shock" stimulus
11.
According to Guthrie, which of the following processes works not because the animal has some goal or desire to be met, but because it
changes the stimulus situation, thus protecting the successful response?
a)
Reinforcement
b)
Punishment
c)
Inhibition
d)
None of the above
12.
All operant conditioning theories have a "fudge factor" built into their theory, to allow for failures to explain particular instances of behavior.
What is Guthrie's "fudge factor"?
a)
He states that unpredictable behaviors are due to unknown reinforcement histories.
b)
His definition of "stimulus" makes it hard to pin down exactly what stimuli are present, and thus it's hard to pin down what the animal
is responding to on a given occasion.
c)
He includes a variable in his theory to account for what he calls the "oscillation effect" of naturally varying states of the nervous
system.
d)
He states that differences in responding are directly related to the intensity of the stimulus.
13.
What is considered to be reinforcement according to Hull?
a)
Anything that increases the rate of responding to a stimulus
b)
Anything that results in the reduction of drive
c)
Anything that changes the stimulus situation and protects the successful response
d)
Anything that the subject considers a satisfying state of affairs
14.
Which of the following statements is true concerning Skinner's version of operant conditioning, and his view of psychology in general?
a)
He accepted the "S-O-R" psychology of Hull and other classical behaviorists that made an appeal to physiological responses, though
implicit and unobservable.
b)
He wanted psychology to be a technology of behavior, and therefore had the goal of being able to perfectly control and predict
behavior using a practical, not theoretical, approach.
c)
He accepted the "S-C-R" psychology of Tolman because he believed that cognitive and mental states of participants were important to
take into account.
d)
He agreed with Thorndike that S-R connections are strengthened by the consequences that follow the response (punishment or
reinforcement).
15.
Which is an example of the importance of contiguity in operant conditioning?
a)
Delaying reinforcement makes the reinforcement less effective in strengthening a response
b)
The unconditioned stimulus has to depend on the conditioned stimulus
c)
The frequency of CS-US pairings determines the amount of learning that occurs
d)
Contiguity is not important for operant conditioning, it only matters in classical conditioning
16.
The _____ says that a response is automatically strengthened when followed by reinforcement and is automatically weakened when followed
by punishment.
a)
Stop-Action Principal
b)
Law of Effect
c)
Crespi-Zeaman Effect
d)
Extinction Effect
17.
If you take away "T.V. Time" from a child who really enjoys watching T.V. in order to stop their bad behavior, you are using which of the
following?
a)
Positive reinforcement
b)
Negative reinforcement
c)
Positive punishment
d)
Negative punishment
18.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Skinner's operant conditioning?
a)
The order of events is stimulus-response-reinforcement
b)
The relations between an animal's behavior and its consequences are learned
c)
The animal responds on its own rather than being made to respond by the experimenter
d)
The nature of the response is usually involuntary
19.
What might happen to Skinner's "cumulative record" learning curve when extinction occurs?
a)
The curve immediately drops back down to zero.
b)
The curve gradually drops back down to zero.
c)
The curve levels off and stays flat at the height it reached during reinforcement.
d)
The curve continues to rise with the same slope as it had during reinforcement.
20.
According to B.F. Skinner, what role does a stimulus play in behavior?
a)
It causes a response
b)
It selects a behavior for its consequences
c)
It sets an occasion for a response
d)
It replaces an old response with a new one