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Cumulative Vocabulary List Organism: A living thing Cell: The basic unit of structure and function in all living things Cell Membrane: Holds a cell together and controls what goes into or out of the cell Cell Wall: Supports and protects a plant cell Cytoplasm: A jelly-like substance containing chemicals that help keep the cell healthy Nucleus: Directs a cell’s activities Chloroplast: Makes food for the cell Microorganism: A living thing that is too small to be seen without a microscope Classification: Organizing things into groups based on how the things are alike Kingdom: Largest group for classifying living things Species: Smallest group for classifying living things Vertebrate: A group of animals with backbones Invertebrate: A group of animals without backbones Vascular: A plant with tubes to carry nutrients and water throughout the plant Nonvascular: A plant without transport tubes to carry water and nutrients throughout the plant Angiosperm: A flowering plant whose seeds are surrounded by fruit Gymnosperm: A vascular plant that produces seeds that are not surrounded by fruit Inherited trait: A trait passed on from parents to their offspring Learned behavior: A behavior that an animal gets through experience Constructive Force: A process that builds up the Earth’s surface Destructive Force: A process that breaks down the Earth’s surface Weathering: The process of wearing away rocks by natural means Erosion: The process of moving sediment by wind, moving water, or ice Deposition: The process of sediment being dropped out of water or wind Sediment: Tiny fragments of rock Delta: An area of new land at the mouth of a river, formed from sediments carried by river Sand Dune: Hills of sand, formed by the wind Fault: A crack in Earth’s crust Matter: Anything that takes up space Physical Change: When matter changes without creating a new substance Chemical Change: When matter changes to create a new substance Electricity: A form of energy associated with the movement of electrons Static Electricity: The buildup of positive or negative electrical charges on an object Current Electricity: Electricity that flows or moves along a path Series Circuit: A circuit that has only one path for electric current to travel Parallel Circuit: A circuit with multiple paths through which electric current moves Conductor: A material through which an electric current passes easily Insulator: A material through which electric current does not pass easily Electromagnet: A temporary magnet that only works when electricity is provided