* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Genetics Notes PDF
Pathogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Genetically modified crops wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Essential gene wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Heritability of IQ wikipedia , lookup
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Dominance (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Ridge (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Population genetics wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Irving Gottesman wikipedia , lookup
Behavioural genetics wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Quantitative trait locus wikipedia , lookup
Intro to Genetics.notebook January 18, 2017 DSW‐ What is Genetics? 1. How are traits inherited? A: Traits of organisms are controlled by genes. 2. What was Mendel's role in the history of genetics? A: He was the father of genetics. 3. Heredity and genetics help explain what? A: They help to explain why people are different. 1 Intro to Genetics.notebook January 18, 2017 Intro to Genetics it's all in your genes 2 Intro to Genetics.notebook Studied math & science January 18, 2017 What's up? I'm Gregor Mendel. Austrian monk Tended the garden at the monastery (church) Experimented with pea plants to find pattern of characteristics passed to next generations. "Father of Genetics" What so special about pea plants?? 1. grow and reproduce quickly 2. large variety of characteristics to study 3. can be crossed (bred) easily 3 Intro to Genetics.notebook January 18, 2017 What so special about pea plants?? 1. grow and reproduce quickly 2. large variety of characteristics to study 3. can be crossed (bred) easily 4 Intro to Genetics.notebook January 18, 2017 Stamen Mendel controlled the process of pollination by transferring pollen Pistil from the stamen of one pea plant to the pistil of another pea plant. 5 Intro to Genetics.notebook January 18, 2017 Mendel's Experiment #1 X short short True breeding = always produces offspring with same traits as parents. 6 Intro to Genetics.notebook January 18, 2017 Mendel's Experiment #2 X tall tall Surprise!!! 7 Intro to Genetics.notebook January 18, 2017 Mendel's Experiment #3 X 1st Filial Generation (F1) tall short Parent Generation (P) 8 Intro to Genetics.notebook January 18, 2017 So what now?? 2nd Filial Generation (F2) 1st Filial Generation (F1) 9 Intro to Genetics.notebook January 18, 2017 Mendel's Conclusion: some plants contained factors for both tall & short. These factors are now known as genes. . Genes are the units of heredity Heredity: the passing of traits from parents to offspring *traits are controlled by genes 10 Intro to Genetics.notebook January 18, 2017 Mendel kept careful, detailed records...... • some traits seemed to be "stronger" ‐ DOMINANT • some traits seemed to be "weaker" than others ‐ recessive DOMINANT GENES (T) every organism has 2 forms of a gene for each trait recessive genes (t) alleles Ex: hairline (widow’s peak vs. straight) 11 Intro to Genetics.notebook January 18, 2017 Homozygous‐ (purebred) when an organism has 2 dominant or 2 recessive traits per gene (both capital or lowercase) Ex. TT, rr, SS Heterozygous‐ (hybrid) when an organism has a combination of dominant and recessive traits per gene. (one capital & one lowercase) Ex. Tt, Bb, Dd 12 Intro to Genetics.notebook January 18, 2017 • Genotype: genetic make‐up of an organism. Ex: TT, Tt, tt • Phenotype: physical expression of a particular genotype. Ex: tall, short 13 Intro to Genetics.notebook January 18, 2017 Karl Correns‐ German botanist that found in some gene pairs, the genes are neither dominant or recessive. The traits appear "blended". 14 Intro to Genetics.notebook January 18, 2017 Incomplete Dominance X RR WW RW notice anything weird??!? 15 Intro to Genetics.notebook January 18, 2017 6 Principles of Genetics 1. Traits, or characteristics, are passed on from one generation to the next. 2. Traits of organisms are controlled by genes. 3. Organisms inherit genes in pairs one gene from each parent. 4. Some genes are DOMINANT and other are recessive . 5. Dominant genes hide recessive genes when both are inherited by an organism. 6. Some genes are neither dominant or recessive Incomplete Dominance. 16 Intro to Genetics.notebook January 18, 2017 17