Download How does probability relate to genetics?

How does probability relate to genetics?
Pair of
genes from
mom
Pair of genes
from dad
P=head=dominant gene (purple)
p=tail=recessive gene (white)
***Both parents are heterozygous
1) Toss the coins together. They can only turn up-PP, Pp, pp
2) Remember: each coin represents each parent and each toss can only turn up one way,
therefore, a parent can give only one gene of a pair.
3) Toss the coins 50 times and record under “tally” on the data chart.
4) Determine the percentage and record under experimental probability on your data chart.
Terms
True-breeding:
Hybrid:
Law of segregation:
Gene:
Allele:
Homozygous:
Heterozygous
Phenotype:
Genotype:
Dominant Allele:
Recessive Allele:
hew06_int_mendelinherit.webloc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBezq1fFUEA Pause at 7 min
Fozzles
What are the phenotypes/genotypes of each offspring in F2 Generation?
What did you notice about the ratio of racers to casters for offspring of the
F2 generation?
How can we relate this back to Mendel's Experiment using purple and white
coloured flowers?
Punnett Squares
A diagram used to _________ the ___________ of genotypes in
the offspring, resulting from a cross between two individuals
PROBABILITY **** -- a measure of the _________ that an event
will happen.
Speedy + Sammie
PR
GR
Fred + Frankie
GR:
PR:
Test Crosses
Used to determine if an individual exhibiting a dominant trait is ______________
or _________________.
How would we do this?
Practice
The round pea seed allele (R) is dominant, while the wrinkled pea seed allele (r) is
recessive. A heterozygous, round pea seed plant is crossed with a wrinkle-seeded pea
plant. Use a Punnett square to solve the following:
Determine the predicted genotype ratio of the offspring
Determine the predicted phenotype ratio of the offspring
If this cross produced 50 plants, how many plants would you predict would be wrinkleseeded pea plants?
Humans who have an abnormally high level of cholesterol are said to
suffer from familial hypercholesterolemia.
The gene for this disorder is dominant (C). A man who is
heterozygous for familial hypoercholesterolemia marries a woman
who is homozygous for the recessive allele. What is the probability
that they will have children that suffer from this disorder.
Albinism, lack of pigmentation in humans, results from an autosomal
recessive gene designated (a). Two parents with normal pigmentation
have an albino child. What is the probability that their next child will be
albino? What is the probability that the next child will be an albino girl?
Dihybrid Crosses
What happens when more than one characteristic is involved in a cross?
Dihybrid Cross-->
Law of Independent assortment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qIGXTJLrLf8&spfreload=10
Mendel's Dihybrid Cross
Dihybrid Crosses
7. An allele is a form of a gene. In a dihybrid cross HhSs x hhss, how many alleles does
a kitten inherit from the mother? _______
8. How many alleles does a kitten inherit from the father? _______.
9. Gametes, which are sex cells, carry the alleles. Why must a gamete carry one allele
(represented by a letter) from each gene? Meaning, why can’t a gamete carry an “hh”
instead of an “hs” or an “Hh” instead of a “HS?”
Dihybrid Crosses
Bernard really likes growing peas in his garden, but the peas he likes are green. He also likes them to have a wrinkled texture, because he thinks they look much more interesting that way. Please work out a YyRr x YyRr (heterozygous
cross)
Genotypic Ratio:
Phenotypic Ratio:
What is the chance that Bernard will have pea plant offspring that match the phenotype he is looking for (green, wrinkled)?
If Bernard did not receive any pea plants that were green and wrinkled in actuality, would you know for sure that the parent genotypes were incorrect? Why or why not? The Product Rule
Each allele is _______________ of the other, and no two alleles are __________
to each other
When two events are ____________ of each other, the probability that both
events will occur can be calculated using the ___________ ________
The probability of two or more outcomes occurring is equal to the product
of their individual probabilities
What is the probability of giving birth to two boys?
Determine the probability that a plant of genotype CcWw will be produced from the
following cross: CcWw x Ccww