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Transcript
Figure 8.6 The detailed structure of an animal cell’s plasma membrane, in cross section Cellular Transport Chapter 8 Figure 8.4 The fluidity of membranes Cells move substances through the cell membrane by a process called transport • Two Types of Transport: –Passive Transport –Active Transport Figure 8.9 Some functions of membrane proteins What is Diffusion or Passive Transport? • Requires no energy from cell. • Molecules move from high concentration to low concentration. • Molecules move with the concentration gradient. 1 Figure 8.10 The diffusion of solutes across membranes Osmosis is a type of diffusion How would diffusion happen in a cell? Figure 8.11 Osmosis Cell Membrane HELP WANTED! Facilitated Diffusion Figure 8.14 Two models for facilitated diffusion I’m a Channel, I can help! tranport proteins help substances (glucose) pass through the cell membrane. Still passive transport no energy required. 2 Water balance of cells without walls: 80% H2O 80% H2O Which way did the water move? 80% H2O 80% H2O 100% Distilled Water 80% Water 20% Dissolved Substances 70% Water 30% Dissolved Substances Which way did the water move? 80% H2O 80% Water 20% Dissolved Substances 100% Distilled Water Why did the cell get so big? Which way did the water move? 80% H2O Why did the cell stay the same size? Figure 8.12 The water balance of living cells 70% Water 30% Dissolved Substances Why did the cell get so small? Figure 8.13 The contractile vacuole of Paramecium: an evolutionary adaptation for osmoregulation 3 Figure 8.15 The sodium-potassium pump: a specific case of active transport Figure 8.18 Cotransport Figure 8.17 An electrogenic pump How is Active Transport different? 1. Active transport requires energy. 2. Molecules move from low concentration to high concentration 3. Molecules move against concentration gradient. Figure 8.16 Review: passive and active transport compared Endocytosis • Cells bring large in particles using cell membrane – There are 2 types: • Phagocytosis • Pinocytosis 4 Pinocytosis Phagocytosis Amoeba • This is the ingestion of large particles. • Your white bloods cells also do this. • Tiny pockets form along cell membrane, and pinch off into vacuoles inside the cell. Sometimes called “Cell Drinking” Figure 8.19 The three types of endocytosis in animal cells Exocytosis • This is how the cell gets rid of waste. 5