Download Immune System Reading Notes Nonspecific Defenses and External

Immune System Reading Notes
Nonspecific Defenses and External Barriers and Internal Defenses(pages 528-532)
The human body has 3
The 3 lines of defense are
lines of defense that
protect us from microbes
The 1st 2 lines of defense are nonspecific
External barriers are
important
External barriers are important because
Physical barriers include (explain each one)
Nonspecific chemical defenses include (explain them)
Nonspecific internal
defenses are the second
line of defense
Flushing of the body’s systems (explain them)
Depends mostly on white blood cells
Neutrophils and macrophages
Natural killer cells
Proteins of the second line of defense
Interferons are
Interferons work by
Interferons are a good example of a nonspecific defense
Complement proteins work by (3 ways)
The inflammatory
response
The signs of the inflammatory response are
The inflammatory response is
3 steps of the inflammatory response are
Prostaglandins are
Pyrogens
Anti-inflammatory drugs work by
The lymphatic system
The lymphatic system consist of
The two functions of the lymphatic system are
The role of the lymphatic system in fighting an infection
Summary:
Specific Defenses– pages 532 – 533 and 534-535 and 537-538
Consists of
The immune system
Recognizes and attacks
Antigens
Antigens are
Most antigens are
Some can also be
Antibodies
Antibodies are
Antibodies are produced
The immune system has
memory
This means that
For example
The immune response is
adaptive
This means that
The major players in the
immune response:
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes are
Lymphocytes originate in
B cells
T cells
Humoral immune
response
Occurs when
Defends primarily against
The antibodies
Cell mediated response
Produced by
Occurs when
T cells function indirectly
Antigen receptors
Antigen receptors are
Antigen receptors are specific because
A great diversity of B and
T cells develop
This diversity is enough to
Antibodies
A typical antibody consists of
During the humoral response an antibody
Antibodies differ from on another
This structural variety gives
The main role of
antibodies
Main role is
Two main kinds of T cells
T helper cells
Cytotoxic T cells
Summary:
Immunity – page 533 (paragraphs 3-5), pages 536-537 (immunological memory)
Immunity
Immunity means
Two ways immunity is acquired are
During vaccination
Active immunity
Passive immunity
Active immunity occurs when
Passive immunity is acquired by
Immunological memory
The primary immune response occurs
Characteristics of the primary immune response are
Memory cells
The secondary immune response occurs when
Characteristics of the secondary immune response are
Summary:
Immune Disorders – pages 538-541
Allergies are
Allergies
Allergens are
Examples of allergens include
Two stage reaction of
allergy symptoms
Sensitization occurs when
3 steps of sensitization
Second stage occurs when
2 steps of the second stage
Anaphylactic shock
During anaphylactic shock
Autoimmune diseases
Our cells are able to distinguish self from nonself because
Autoimmune disease result when
3 autoimmune disease are (describe them)
Immunodeficiency
diseases
Immunodeficient people lack
Name and describe 2 immunodeficient diseases
AIDS
AIDS is caused by
HIV is deadly because
Affect of HIV attacking helper T cells
Death usually results from