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What is a mental disorder? What is the DSM IV? 2 major classifications of disorders? Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective? Anxiety disorders? Mood disorders? Schizophrenia? Symptoms of schizophrenia? Types of schizophrenia? Causes of schizophrenia? Somatoform disorders? Causes of somatoform disorders? Dissociative Disorders Personality disorders? Anorexia and bulimia? Behavior, thoughts judged to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive and unjustifiable. Culture, community affect whether something is a “disorder”. The Diagnostic Statistical Manual (version 4) is the book that psychologists and psychiatrists use to define (list symptoms) of disorders. Insurance companies won’t cover treatment if not in the DSM. Version 1 said homosexuality was a disorder. Neurotic disorders - a psychological disorder that is usually distressing but that allows one to think rationally and function socially psychotic disorder - a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions a contemporary perspective which assumes that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders. - characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety. Ex: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder (caused by agoraphobia), phobias, OCD. Major depressive disorder (unipolar depression), bipolar depression (mainic episodes followed by depressive ones), Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), disthymic depression (mild depression for 2 years straight.) a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions. It is a split from reality. Delusions – false beliefs, disturbed perceptions (hallucinations, usually auditory), inappropriate emotions and actions (flat effect, catatonia) Paranoid – preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations Catatonic – immobility, parrot-like repeating of others’ speech or movements Disorganized – disorganized speech or behavior, flat or inappropriate emotion Undifferentiated: many and varied symptoms 1. excess of dopamine in brain. 2. large ventricles in brain. 3. genetics 4. stress, family dynamics a group of disorders in which there are symptoms of a physical disorder without physical cause. Ex: conversion disorder - a disorder in which a person displays blindness, deafness, or other symptoms of sensory or motor failure without a physical cause. previously called hysteria Hypochondriasis - a disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation with health concerns and unjustified fear of physical illness 1. Personality Factors - histrionic, neurotic individuals 2. Cognitive Factors - misinterpretation of bodily sensations 3. The Sick Role - avoid confronting reality, getting attention from others disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. ex: Dissociative Amnesia - a disorder marked by a sudden loss of memory. Dissociative Fugue - a sudden loss of memory and the assumption of a new identity in a new locale (think fugitive) Dissociative Identity Disorder - a rare disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder Antisocial p.d. – lack of a conscience (serial killer) kids setting animals on fire Paranoid p.d. – everyone is out to get you. Really! Histrionic p.d. – you will get upset if everyone is not paying attention to you. Borderline p.d. I hate you. Leave me alone. You bastard, why did you leave me? Narcissistic pd – I’m better than you in every way. Anorexia – characterized by starving yourself until skinny. Bulimia – binging and purging Both are characterized by poor body self image