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Anxiety, Somatoform, and Dissociative Disorders Instructions • You will be asked to fill in the following: • Definitions of disorders • Symptoms • Treatments • Where to find it • PowerPoint • Mayo Clinic: http://www.mayoclinic.org/ • Cleveland Clinic: http://my.clevelandclinic.org/default.aspx Anxiety Disorders • a group of conditions where the primary symptoms are anxiety or defenses against anxiety. • the patient fears something awful will happen to them. • They are in a state of intense apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or fear. Phobias • A person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread. • Must be an irrational fear. • Phobia List Phobias • Symptoms • A feeling of uncontrollable panic, terror or dread when you're exposed to the source of your fear • The feeling that you must do everything possible to avoid what you fear • The inability to function normally because of your anxiety • Physical reactions (Sweating, increased heartbeat) • Treatments • Desensitization – Slowly introducing phobia in safe situations • Flooding – Overwhelming the person with what they are afraid of Famous Phobias • Jennifer Aniston, Cher, Michael Jackson and Whoopi Goldberg – flying -- Aviophobia • Billy Bob Thornton -- antique furniture • Pamela Anderson – mirrors -- Eisoptrophobia • Johnny Depp, Daniel Radcliffe and Sean "Diddy" Combs –clowns -Coulrophobia • Orlando Bloom – pigs -- swinophobia • Nicole Kidman – butterflies -- Lepidopterophobia • Kim Basinger and Daryl Hannah -- wide, open spaces -- Agoraphobia • Carmen Electra -- water -- Hydrophobia • Sarah Michelle Gellar – graveyards -- Necrophobia • Christina Ricci -- indoor plants -- Botanophobia • Matthew McConaughey -- tunnels and revolving doors -Claustrophobia & Orbitagoraphobia Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD • An anxiety disorder in which a person is continuously tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. • The patient is constantly tense and worried, feels inadequate, is oversensitive, can’t concentrate and suffers from insomnia. Generalized Anxiety Disorder • Symptoms • Constant worrying or obsession • Restlessness and feeling keyed up or on edge • Fatigue • Irritability • Muscle • tension or muscle aches • Trouble sleeping • Treatment • Drugs • Therapy Panic Disorder • An anxiety disorder marked by a minuteslong episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking and other frightening sensations. Obsessive-compulsive disorder • Persistent unwanted thoughts (obsessions) cause someone to feel the need (compulsion) to engage in a particular action. • Obsession about dirt and germs may lead to compulsive hand washing. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Symptoms • Obsessive • Fear of contamination or dirt • Having things orderly and symmetrical • Unwanted thoughts, including aggression, or sexual or religious subjects • Compulsive • • • • • Washing and cleaning Counting Checking Demanding reassurances Following a strict routine Post-traumatic Stress Disorder a.k.a. PTSD • Flashbacks or nightmares following a person’s involvement in or observation of an extremely stressful event. • Memories of the even cause anxiety. Somatoform Disorders • Occur when a person manifests a psychological problem through a physiological symptom. • Two types…… Hypochondriasis • Has frequent physical complaints for which medical doctors are unable to locate the cause. • They usually believe that the minor issues (headache, upset stomach) are indicative are more severe illnesses. Conversion Disorder • Report the existence of severe physical problems with no biological reason. • Like blindness or paralysis. Pol Pot Conversion Disorder • Symptoms • Weakness or paralysis • Abnormal movement, such as tremors or difficulty walking • Seizures or convulsions • Episode of unresponsiveness • Speech problems • Vision problems • Hearing problems or deafness • Treatment • • • • Counseling Physical therapy Treating related stress Transcranial magnetic stimulation • Time Dissociative Disorders • These disorders involve a disruption in the conscious process. • Three types…. Psychogenic Amnesia • A person cannot remember things with no physiological basis for the disruption in memory. • Retrograde Amnesia -- inability to retrieve information that was acquired before a particular date • Anterograde amnesia -inability to transfer new information from the shortterm store into the long-term store • Organic amnesia can be retrograde or anterograde . Dissociative Fugue • One or more episodes of amnesia in which the inability to recall some or all of one's past and either the loss of one's identity or the formation of a new identity occur with sudden, unexpected, purposeful travel away from home. Dissociative Fugue • Symptoms • Sudden and unplanned travel away from home • Inability to recall past events or important information from the person’s life • Confusion or loss of memory about his or her identity, possibly assuming a new identity to make up for the loss • Extreme distress and problems with daily functioning (due to the fugue episodes) • Treatments • • • • • Psychotherapy Cognitive therapy Medication Family therapy Creative therapies (art therapy, music therapy) • Clinical hypnosis Dissociative Identity Disorder • Used to be known as Multiple Personality Disorder. • A person has several rather than one integrated personality. • People with DID commonly have a history of childhood abuse or trauma.