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91159
,. .
1111111111111111111
NZ~
SUPERVISOR'S USE ONLY
NEW ZEALAND QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY
MANA TOHU MATAURANGA 0 AOTEAROA
Level 2 Biology, 2013
91159 Demonstrate understanding of gene expression
9.30am Friday 22 November 2013
Credits: Four
Achievement
Demonstrate understanding of gene
expression.
Achievement with Merit
Demonstrate in-depth understanding of
gene expression.
Achievement with Excellence
Demonstrate comprehensive
understanding of gene expression.
Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the
top of this page.
You should attempt ALL the questions in this booklet.
If you need more space for any answer, use the page(s) provided at the back of this booklet and clearly
number the question.
Check that this booklet has pages 2-9 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank.
YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION.
Merit
TOTAL
16
ASSESSOR' S USE ONLY
©New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2013. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.
2
. y~~ are advised to spend 60 minutes answering the questions in this booklet.
QUESTION ONE: EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT
One way to examine the role of the environment in variation among organisms is to compare the
phenotypes _of various traits in genetically identical organisms. Armadillos are ideal animals to use
in such research, because they are born as quadmplets derived from a single fertilised egg. This
means that all four armadillo pups share the same genetic sequence. In a number of experiments
carried out by scientists in the 1960s, genetically identical armadillos were found to show
significant phenotypic differences when exposed to a range of environmental factors.
For copyright reasons,
this resource
cannot be reproduced here.
Image Source: bttp://www.nature.com/scitablt/natedlcontoot/5884/~our_armadillos_83-72_mid_l.jpg
Discuss how genetically identical annadillo.s could be used to show the relationship between
environmental factors and phenotype.
In your answer:
describe what is meant by 'phenotype'
describe.what is meant by 'mutagen', and explain, using appropriate examples, why not all
environmental factors are mutagens
AS~SSO!t'3
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4
QUESTION TWO: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
ASSESSOR'S
USE ONLY
The DNA sequence determines the structure of a protein and how that protein is produced.
Table of mRNA CODONS
(a)
SECOND CODON ELEMENT
u
'•,
~
c
el
~
\1\h)i\..
A
5
A
otvA
\
A
0
lA
A
b
G
G
u
f-<
~
c,
G
u
c
PRE
PRE
LEU
LEU
SER
SER
SER
SER
LEU
.LEU
LEU
LEU
ILE
ILE
ILE
MET
VAL
VAL
VAL
VAL
A
G
;~
CYS
CYS
u
STOP
STOP
STOP
A
G
PRO
PRO
PRO
PRO
HIS
HIS
GLU
GLU
ARG
ARG
ARG
ARG
u
THR
THR
THR
SER
SER
ARG
ARG
u
THR
ASPN
ASPN
LYS
LYS
ALA
ALA
ALA
ALA
ASP
ASP
GLU
GLU
GLY
GLY
GLY
GLY
u
c
TRP
c
I
A 0
G
8
c
A
G
c
§l
i:Ij
~
~
A
G
Using the information provided above, complete the table below.
Note: In the table below, yon need only to give one possible codon for eachmRNA.
DNA
~lAC
mRNA
!\LAG
Amino Acids
GTT
CP\1\
MET
GLU
ATA
Ud\LA
TYR
ACT.
LAG/\
--STOP
Explain with an example from the table why there is more than one possible codon for the
same amino acid.
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5
(b)
Discuss the major stages of protein synthesis.
ASSESSOR'S
USE ONLY
In your answer, include each of the following:
•
the role of the DNA template and coding strands
•
RNA structure and function
•
the relationship between codons AND anticodons
•
the role of start AND stop codons
•
the purpose of the ribosome.
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There is more space for your
answer to Question Two (b) on
the following page.
3
7
ASSESSOR'S
USE ONLY
fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the gene CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane
inductance regulator). The most common mutation is a deletion of three nucleotides that
in a loss of an amino acid at the 508th position on the protein. This mutation accounts for
bbr<JX!lllately 66-70% of cystic fibrosis cases worldwide. It is an inheritable recessive condition.
CFTR Sequence:
Nucleotide A T C AT C T T
Amino Acid
lie
lie
Phe
I
GGT GTT
Gly
Val
I
506
"---r50=8
510
I
Deleted In AF508
.6.F508 CFTR Sequence:
Nucleotide AT C AT T G G T G T T
Amino Acid lie
lie
Gly
Val
I
506
Image Source: https://www.boundless.com/physiology/the-respiratory-system/
respiratory-system-disorders-and-clinical-cases/cystic-fibrosis/
Define the term mutation.
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(b)
Identify the differences between substitution, insertion and deletion mutations, and explain
which type of mutation has the most significant effect on an organism's phenotype.
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(c)
With reference to cystic fibrosis and another named disease, compare .and contraslinherited
mutations with mutations that occur during the organisin'S lifes-pan.
~ s\t:iA ('anc .er
ASSESSOR'S
USE ONLY
In your answer include:
a description ofboth types of mutation
an explanation of possible causes of these mutations and why they are different in terms
of their effect on the organism
a discussion of each type of mutation, in relation to the two diseases, and whether the
diseases are inherited.
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Biology 91159, zo13
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9
Extra paper if required.
USE ONLY
Write the question number(s) if applicable.
QUESTION
NUMBER
;crif~b.
ASSESSOR'S
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91159
,. .
1111111111111111111
NZ~
SUPERVISOR'S USE ONLY
NEW ZEALAND QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY
MANA TOHU MATAURANGA 0 AOTEAROA
Level 2 Biology, 2013
91159 Demonstrate understanding of gene expression
9.30am Friday 22 November 2013
Credits: Four
Achievement
Demonstrate understanding of gene
expression.
Achievement with Merit
Demonstrate in-depth understanding of
gene expression.
Achievement with Excellence
Demonstrate comprehensive
understanding of gene expression.
Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the
top of this page.
You should attempt ALL the questions in this booklet.
If you need more space for any answer, use the page(s) provided at the back of this booklet and clearly
number the question.
Check that this booklet has pages 2-9 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank.
YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION.
High
Merit
TOTAL
18
ASSESSOR' S USE ONLY
©New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2013. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.
2
You are advised to spend 60 minutes answering the questions in this booklet.
QUESTION ONE: EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ·
One way to examine the role of the environment in variation among organisms is to compare the
phenotypes of various traits in g~netically identical.organisms. Annadillos are ideal animals to use
in such research, because they are born as quadruplets derived from a single fertilised egg. This
means that all four·armadillo pups share the same genetic sequence. In a number of expeliments
canied out by scientists in the 1960s, ~:~~!.~~~~armadillos were found to show
significant phenotypic differences when exposed to a range of environmental factors.
For copyright reasons,
this resource
cannot be reproduced here.
Image Source: http:l/www.nature.com/scitablelnatedlcontent/5884/four_armadillos_83-72_mid_l.jpg
\
Discuss how genetically identical armadillos could be used to show the relationship between
environmental factors and phenotype.
In your answer:
•
describe what is meant by 'phenotype'
•
describe what is meant by 'mutagen', and explain, using appropriate examples, why not all
environmental factors are mutagens
•
evaluate how studies on the rumadillos could show that 'non-mutagenic' environmental
factors may change phenotype without changing genotype.
. ~~CJI 0d or!Jat:LJi~_j~j~!Je~~e i.s e~~~
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ASSI
USI
4
ASSE
QUESTION TWO: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
""
The DNA sequence determines the structure of a protein and how that protein it
Table of mRNA CODONS
(a)
SECOND CODON ELEMENT
u
E-<
!
5t:1
c
A
0
u
c
A
G
PHE
PHE
LEU
LEU
SER
SER
SER
SER
TYR
TYR
STOP
STOP
CYS
CYS
STOP
LEU
LEU
LEU
LEU
PRO
PRO
PRO
·PRO
HIS
HIS
GLU
GLU
ARG
ARG
ARG
ARG
u
ILE
ILE
ASPN
ASPN
LYS
LYS
SER
SER
ARG
ARG
u
MET
THR
THR
THR
THR
YAL
VAL
VAL
VAL
ALA
ALA
ALA
ALA
ASP
ASP
GLU
GLU
GLY
GLY
GLY
GLY
u
!LE
E-<
(@
p..
u
G
TRP
u
c
A
G
c
A
G
c
A
G
c
~
()
§
~
i
A
G
Using the information provided above, complete the table below..
Note: In the table below, you need only to give one possible codon for each r
DNA
mRNA
II\<..
A.\), ra;-
Amino Acids
. (.,1\
ATA
Ac_,'l
C:rA A
u~I.A
v.GrA
MET
GLU
TYR
STOP
Explain with an example from the table why there is more than one possible codon for the
same amino acid.
(A'Qo
,0\~ \A\P If\. q,~c}._ U\l G ~
_j_{,~ "h ~
l~ 6
\1-o\
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5
(b)
Discuss the major stages of protein synthesis.
. ASSESSOR'S
USEON.LY
In yonr answer, include each of the following:
c(d>'oC\/
the role of the DNA template and coding strands
'i.
RNA structure and function
A
c.>
"~\.e
the relationship between co dons AND anticodons
the role of start AND stop codons
the purpose of the ribosome.
Bioloov 91159, 2013
(.
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..
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USE ON!:
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7
QUESTION THREE: MUTATIONS
ASSESSOR'S
USE ONLY
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation iu the gene CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane
conductance regulator). The most common mutation is a deletion of three nncleotides that
results in a loss of an amino acid at the 50 8th position on the protein. This mutation accounts for
approximately 66--70% of cystic fibrosis cases worldwide. It is an inheritable recessive condition.
CFTR Sequence:
Nucleotide ATC ATC TT
Amino Acid
lie
II
I
GGTGTT
Gly
Phe
I
506
508
Val
510
Deleted in liF508
AF508 CFTR Sequence:
Nucleotide ATC ATT GGT GTT
Amino Acid
lie
lie
Gly
Val
I
506
Image Source: https://www.boundless.com/physiology/the-respiratory-system/
respiratory-system-disorders-and-clinical-cases/cystic-fibrosis/
(a)
(b)
Define the term mutation.
Identify the differences between substitution, insertion and deletion mutations, and explain
· which type of mutation has the most significant effect on an organism's phenotype.
Sul?iritwtio'"
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8
(c)
With reference to cystic fibrosis and another named disease, compare and contrast inherited
mutations with mutations that occur during the organism's lifespan.
ASSESSOR>:
USE ONLY
In your answer iuclude:
a description of both types of mutation
an explanation of possible causes of these mutations and why they are different in te1ms
of their effect on the qrganism
a discussion of each type of mutation, iu relation to the two diseases, and w
diseases are · erited
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