Download 4B Cell Processes

Name: _____________________________________ Date: __________ Class: ______
Review
B.4B: Cell Processes
B.4B: Investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy
conversions, transport of molecules, and synthesis of new molecules.
✪ Readiness Standard
1. Cells respond to external conditions like salinity and pH in varying ways to
achieve homeostasis, or regulation of the internal environment.
2. Living organisms convert energy in order to survive.
3. Metabolism refers to the collective processes cells conduct to maintain structure
and to reproduce; it includes the anabolic reactions of photosynthesis in plant
cells and the catabolic reactions of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is a
catabolic reaction that results in energy for cell use. All cells respire.
4. Plant cell's chlorophyll pigment captures light energy from the Sun, and via
photosynthesis, uses water and carbon dioxide to synthesize glucose and
oxygen. Cellular respiration in all cells breaks down the energy stored in glucose
into carbon dioxide, water, and energy for cell use.
5. Cells have semi-permeable membranes that regulate the movement of dissolved
molecules through it in order to maintain homeostasis. Transport across
membranes may not require energy (diffusion, osmosis) or require energy
(active transport).
6. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are organic macromolecules
synthesized and utilized in the metabolic reactions of cells. Carbohydrates like
glucose are used for energy in all cells. Lipids are synthesized for use in
membranes. ATP is synthesized in cellular respiration in plant and animal cells.
Proteins are built from amino acids in the ribosomes of eukaryotic cells.
7. Energy stored in ATP (adenosine triphosphate) can be released by breaking a
phosphate chemical bond, creating ADP (adenosine diphosphate). ATP is present
in all living cells and is the source of energy for metabolic processes.
Vocabulary
active transport, adenine triphosphate (ATP), cellular (cell), concentration gradient,
diffusion, facilitated diffusion, homeostasis, hydrolysis, hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic,
metabolism, osmosis, osmotic pressure, passive transport, photosynthesis, protein,
respiration, semipermeable
Fundamental Questions
Use the Key Concepts information as well as the information in your Stemscopedia
beginning on page 9 to answer the fundamental questions below.
1. What processes are crucial for the survival of a cell?
An organism?
2. How does cell homeostasis in individual plant and animal cells demonstrate an
organism’s ability to maintain homeostasis as a whole?
3. How do the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration interact to achieve
energy conversion?
4. How is energy released from ATP?
5. What is the role of each biomolecule in the synthesis of new molecules?
6. How does cell membrane structure work to move molecules across the membrane
passively and actively?
Analysis
Complete the following in the space provided.
1) Create a flow map showing the processes of ______.
Photosynthesis:
Cellular Respiration