Download Unit 8: Evolution - Sonoma Valley High School

Unit 8: Evolution: Directed reading Questions
After reading pg: 2-5:
Define the following terms:
Evolution, natural selection, artificial selection, homologous structures, analogous structures,
phylogenetic tree, Polymorphism, fitness, Relative dating, absolute dating, vestigial structure,
convergent evolution
Answer the following questions:
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Why is Darwin famous?
What was Lyell’s contribution to Darwin’s theory?
What did Darwin find during his travels that lead him to develop his theory?
What was Malthus’s contribution to Darwin’s theory?
What is the significance of the beaks of “Darwin’s finches”.
After reading pg: 396-414:
Define the following terms:
Allele frequencies, genotype frequencies, assortative mating, disassortative mating, genetic drift,
Disruptive selection, directional selection, stabilizing selection
Answer the following questions:
1. What are the 5 conditions for hardy-Weinberg Principle?
2. What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
3. What is meant by ‘Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a null hypothesis?
4. Is the frequency of mutations linked to natural selection? Explain.
5. Name 3 modes of gene flow.
6. Explain the founder effect.
7. Explain the bottleneck effect.
8. Explain the interplay between gene flow and natural selection.
9. Explain frequency dependent selection.
10. Describe oscillation selection.
11. Give an example of heterozygote advantage.
12. Draw graph of each of the following types of selection and give an example of each: disruptive
selection, directional selection and stabilizing selection.
13. Describe the guppy experiment and explain its implications.
14. Give 2 examples of the limits on what selection can accomplish.
After reading pg: 418-432:
Define the following terms:
vestigial structure, convergent evolution
Answer the following questions:
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What 3 conditions must be met for natural selection to occur?
Explain the significance of the Grant’s research on finches.
How in the peppered moth a good species to exemplify natural selection?
Explain how each of the following is evidence of evolution: the fossil record, the age of the
earth, the mechanism of heredity, comparative anatomy, and molecular evidence.
5. How does the variably among dog breads support the concept of natural selection?
6. Make of flow chart of the both the changes and causes of the changes in horses over the
past 60 million years.
7. Explain how the following are used to support the theory of evolution: homology,
development, and imperfect structures.
After reading pg: 436-446:
Define the following terms:
speciation, gene pool, allopatric speciation, sympatric speciation, adaptive radiations
Answer the following questions:
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What is the biological species concept?
Use table 22.1 to explain the various mechanisms of selection.
What are some of the problems with the biological species concept?
Why does ‘reinforcement‘ exist?
Give an example of the connection between adaptation and speciation.
How can speciation among plants be different than among animals?
Give an example of periodic isolation.
After reading pg 455-463:
Define the following term:
Taxonomy, taxon, systematics, phylogeny, cladistics, clade
Answer the following questions:
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What are the 8 levels of classification from most inclusive to least?
Contrast ancestral and derived groups.
What does it mean to polarize a character?
How does having an outgroup for comparison help with polarization?
What is a node in a cladogram and what does it tell us?
What is the principle of parsimony and how does it relate to phylogeny?
What is the debate about the molecular clock?
8. Does classification always match phylogeny? Why?
After reading pg 388-390, 473-476, 484-488, 491-494, 501-504:
Define the following terms:
Homeotic genes, Heterochrony,
Answer the following questions:
1. What do Hox genes do?
2. Explain figure 19.18.
3. What percent our DNA do we share with Pufferfish?
4. When did humans and mice diverge and how much DNA is shared between them?
5. When did humans diverge from chimpanzee and how different are their genomes?
6. What type of variation is found between ape and human genes of the same type?
7. What is the connection between gene expression and evolution?
8. What is the significance of the FOZP2 gene?
9. Name 2 benefits to applying comparative genomics.
10. What are ‘highly conserved genes and why are they important?
11. What is the connection between the pax6 gene and evolution? What surprises did its study
bring?
After reading pg 463-470, 446-452:
Define the following term:
Adaptive radiation, character displacement
Answer the following questions:
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What does the section on analogy vs homology tell us about the course of evolution?
How do complex characters evolve?
How does phylogentics explain beetle diversity?
Answer the inquiry question on pg 470.
Answer the inquiry question on pg 448.
Contract gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.
After reading pg 507-520:
Define the following term:
Microfossil, endosymbiosis
Answer the following questions:
1. How was Earth’s early atmosphere different than it is today? How is that relevant to the
origin of life on this planet?
2. Which hypothesis about where on Earth life originated in most convincing to you? Why?
3. Why is the Miller-Urey experiment important?
4. Contrast the following 3 hypothesis: RNA world, Protein world, and Peptide-nucleic acid
world.
5. Explain primary biogenesis.
6. When did the first prokaryotes most likely evolve?
7. Why are cyanobacteria important to the history of life on earth?
8. How did climate change, geologic change and continental motion affect evolution?
9. Use figure 26.12 to explain the origin of Eukaryotic organelles.
10. How did multicellularity and sexual reproduction lead to diversity among eukaryotes?
11. What are the 3 domains and 6 kingdoms and what characteristics distinguish each?