Download Honors Biology Semester 1 Exam Review 2014

Honors Biology Semester 1 Exam Review 2014
Vocabulary:
Chapter 1: Biology, Biosphere, Controlled Experiment, Discovery Science, Eukaryotic Cell,
Ecosystem, Genes, Hypothesis, Natural Selection, Prokaryotic Cell, Science, Scientific Method,
Theory
Chapter 2: Acid, aqueous Solution, Base, Buffers, Chemical Reactions, Compounds, Covalent
Bond, Heat, Hydrogen Bonds, Ions, Mass, Molecule, pH scale, Polar Molecule, Radioactive
Isotope, Reactants, Solute, Solution, Solvent
Chapter 3: Carbohydrates, Dehydration Reaction, Denaturation, Functional Groups, Glycogen,
Hydrolysis, Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic, Isomers, Lipids, Macromolecules, Monomers, Organic
Compounds, Polymers, Polypeptide, Saturated, Steroids, Trans fat, Unsaturated
Chapter 6 & 20: Autotrophs, Cellular respiration, Consumers, Heterotrophs, Photosynthesis,
Producers, Biodiversity, Biochemical Cycles, Magnification, Biomass, Chemical Cycling,
Community, Competitive Exclusion, Consumers, Decomposers, Detritivores, Ecological Niche,
Ecological Succession, Food Chain, Food Webs, Herbivores, Competition, Mtualism, Primary
Succession, Producers, Scavenger, Secondary Succession, Trophic Structure
Chapter 18: Abiotic factors, biome, biosphere, biotic factors, community, ecology, ecosystem,
population, sustainability
Chapter 19: Carrying capacity, Density-dependent, Density-independent, Ecological footprint,
Exponential population, Competition, Limiting factors, Logistic population, Population,
Population density
Chapter 8: Asexual Reproduction, Autosome, Cancer, Cell Cycle, Cell Cycle Control, Cell Division,
Centromere, Centrosome, Chromatin, Chromosome, Crossing Over, Cytokinesis, Diploid,
Fertilization, Gamete, Genetic Recombination, Haploid, Homologous, Chromosome, Karyotype,
Life Cycle, Meiosis, Mitosis, Nondisjunction, Sex Chromosome, Sexual Reproduction, Tumor,
Zygote
Chapter 9: Alleles, Carrier, Inheritance, Codominant, Dominant Allele, Genotype, Heredity,
Heterozygous, Homozygous, Hybrid, Law of Independent Assortment, Law of Segregation,
Linkage Map, Linked Genes, Locus, Phenotype, Recessive Allele, Recombination, Rule of
Multiplication, Wild-type Traits
Chapter 10: Bacteriophage, DNA, DNA polymerase, Double helix, Exons, Introns, Lysogenic
Cycle, Lytic Cycle, Messenger RNA, Mutagen, Mutation, Nucleotide, Prophage, Retrovirus,
Reverse Transcriptase, Ribosomal RNA, RNA polymerase, RNA splicing, Transcription, Transfer
RNA, Translation
1.
Some animals, such as the artic fox and the ptarmigan (a bird), change the color of their fur
or feathers from summer to winter. Relate these changes to natural selection.
2.
What feature of Darwin’s finches is an example of an adaptation that illustrates natural
selection?
3.
What is the difference between a compound and an atom?
4.
What is organic verses inorganic?
5.
Animals usually store energy reserves as lipids; plants store them as polysaccharides. What
is the advantage to animals of using lipids as storage molecules?
6.
What compounds are fats made?
7.
What do phosphate, nitrogen, and sugars make up? Where do you find them?
8.
What do proteins do?
9.
What is a carbohydrate? What makes up carbohydrates? List the different types.
10.
What is the importance of fats?
11.
Explain the function of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
12.
Explain the difference between a food web and a food chain?
13.
What is meant by energy flow?
14.
Explain what the 10 % rule is.
15.
What are heterotrophs and autotrophs?
16.
What would happen to ecosystems if there were no decomposers?
17.
Explain the role of producers, heterotrophs, and autotrophs in a food web/chain.
18.
Would a hawk that eats a mouse obtain more energy than the mouse that eats berries and
grasses? Explain your answer including energy and the 10% rule.
19.
Choose the term that encompasses the remaining three terms in the list: biome, biosphere,
population, habitat.
20.
How do scientists traditionally name biomes?
21.
List and describe the common properties of terrestrial (land) biomes.
22.
What are characteristics of each of the oceanic zones? (include characteristic plants and
animals)
23.
Describe and provide examples of abiotic and biotic factors.
24.
Name and describe the different interspecific, or symbiotic, relationships organisms can
exhibit.
25.
Compare and contrast exponential and logistic growth. Describe the general shape of the
graph for each.
26.
Describe the steps of how a person focuses on a slide on a microscope? What does a
microscope do to an image of something you are observing?
27.
Draw and describe the steps in mitosis.
28.
What parts of the cell cycle comprise interphase? What is the role of interphase?
29.
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis (include the number of divisions, purpose,
number of cells in the end, where the cells are diploid & haploid, etc.)
30.
Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction, discuss the pros and cons of both.
31.
What does hybrid mean?
32.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
33.
What information does a pedigree provide?
34.
How can we determine your blood type by knowing your parents?
35.
Each parent contributes one of two genes for a particular trait. The gene pairs are called
what?
36.
__________________ chromosomes carry genes that code for the same products, such as
hemoglobin or eye pigment.
37.
A certain dominant gene is located on the X-chromosome. A father that has this condition
will transmit it to which of his children, if he has two girls and two boys?
38.
In humans, a child’s sex is determined by whom?
39.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a sex-linked recessive disorder characterized by a
progressive loss of muscle tissue. Neither Rudy nor Carla has Duchenne muscular dystrophy,
but their first son does have it. If the couple has a second child, what is the probability that
he or she will also have the disease?
40.
A trait that is not visible in the F1 generation, but reappears unchanged in the F2 generation
is what kind of trait?
41.
What genotype(s) cannot be determined by looking at the phenotypes of offspring?
42.
Tim and Jan both have freckles (a dominant trait), but their son Michael does not. Show with
a Punnett square how this is possible. If Tim and Jan have two more children, what is the
probability that both of them will have freckles?
43.
In fruit flies, gray body (B) is dominant over black body (b). Two gray flies were mated and
produced 158 gray flies and 49 black flies. The parents were probably what genotypes?
44.
Compare mRNA and tRNA.
45.
How does DNA replicate?
46.
Describe a DNA model.
47.
What holds DNA strands together?
48.
Explain how a protein is made from our DNA. Include the terms of transcription and
translation.
49.
What is the difference between protein synthesis and DNA synthesis?
50.
What are the results of changing one nucleotide base in a sequence of DNA? Is this
problematic, why or why not?