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Name
Class
CHAPTER
7
Date
Guided Reading Strategies 7.1
Founding the Roman Republic
READING THE SECTION As you read the section, complete the outline by filling in the
missing information.
The Roman Republic
I. The Founding of Rome
A. Rome was built on
.
B. This location gave its people some advantages.
1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
II. Early Roman Republic
A. A republic is a form of government in which voters elect officials to run the state.
1. __________________________________________________________________
B. The Senate is
.
C. The magistrates included consuls, praetors, and censors.
1. The consuls
.
2. The praetors
.
3. The censors
.
D. Citizens in assemblies voted on laws and elected officials.
III. The Conflict of the Orders
A. Patricians
.
B. Plebeians
.
POST-READING QUICK CHECK After reading the section, explain how the Roman
Republic used a system of checks and balances.
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Name
CHAPTER
Class
7
Date
Main Idea Activities 7.1
Founding the Roman Republic
VOCABULARY Some terms to understand:
• quarrelsome (151): apt to pick a fight
• emergency (151): an urgent need for help
• dramatically (151): in a manner that has a striking effect
• safeguards (152): safety devices; protections
• appointed (152): named officially
• morale (153): courage and confidence to keep one’s spirits up when facing hardships
ORGANIZING INFORMATION Fill in the graphic organizer by writing the functions of
each group of citizens in the early Roman Republic.
• controlled public funds
• had power over the actions of the Senate and other public officials
• oversaw the conduct of citizens
• commanded the army; had power to veto
• decided on foreign policy
• oversaw the moral conduct of citizens
GOVERNING BODIES OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
Senate
Magistrates
Assemblies
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Main Idea Activities
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Chapter 7, Main Idea Activities 7.1, continued
EVALUATING INFORMATION Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false.
1. Italy’s geography enabled it to control regions to its north and south.
2. Rome’s location helped protect it from invasion by sea.
3. Citizens in assemblies did not have real power.
4. The plebeians gained more power through demands and strikes.
5. The Roman Republic was mostly a time of peace.
6. Every landowning citizen was required to serve in the Roman army.
7. Only wealthy nobles could afford to hold a Roman office.
8. Even partial citizens in distant cities could vote in Roman elections.
REVIEWING FACTS Choose the correct items from the following list to complete the
statements below.
Apennine
checks and balances
Senate
Tiber
plebeians
Etruscans
1. The
Twelve Tables
Conflict of the Orders
patricians
legionnaires
Mountains run the length of the Italian peninsula.
2. The earliest city dwellers in Rome were called the
3. Rome was built on seven hills along the
.
River.
4. The most influential and powerful of Rome’s governing bodies was the
.
5. The division of power among the magistrates was called
.
6. The struggles between plebeians and patricians were called the
.
7. The
were mainly farmers and workers.
8. The
government.
were powerful landowners who controlled the
9. The engraved Roman laws were called the
10. Citizens in the major unit of the army were called
.
.
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Holt World History: The Human Journey
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Main Idea Activities
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Date
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Historical Significance Activity 5
!
Order in the Court
CHAPTER
5
In 450 B.C., Roman laws were engraved
on 12 bronze tablets that were placed in the
Forum. The Twelve Tables described which
actions were legal and which actions were
illegal. American laws also are written
down, so “ignorance of the law is no
excuse” for illegal actions. One basic element of Roman law was the pr esumption of
innocence, which is a fundamental part of
American law today.
Another connection between Roman and
American law is the use of Latin for legal
terms. You probably have heard some of
these terms in news broadcasts and on television dramas. For example, many lawyers
do pro bono work—for instance, they often
donate their time as advisers to environmental or other socially active groups.
Note the following legal terms: A government official pleaded nolo contendere to
charges of taking bribes in awarding major
construction contracts. The prosecutors had
a prima facie case because the contractors
admitted that the government official had
accepted a quid pro quo. The contractors provided this evidence as part of a deal worked
out for a declaration of nolle prosequi on
charges against them. Pleading nolo contendere saved the official from any later private lawsuits because, technically, he did not
admit that he was guilty. Also, the prosecutors probably recommended that the judge
give a light sentence in return for the fact
that this plea avoided a trial and saved the
state a great deal of money.
If there had been no law against bribery
when the event took place, but a law had
been passed later, then charges could not
have been filed. No one can be char ged ex
post facto, based on laws passed after the fact.
DIRECTIONS: Use a dictionary to define the following terms in the space pr ovided.
1. pro bono
2. nolo contendere
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3. prima facie
4. quid pro quo
5. nolle prosequi
6. ex post facto
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