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028-033_GRS_CH07_065744-X 12/4/01 10:48 AM Page 28 Back Print Name Class CHAPTER 7 Date Guided Reading Strategies 7.1 Founding the Roman Republic READING THE SECTION As you read the section, complete the outline by filling in the missing information. The Roman Republic I. The Founding of Rome A. Rome was built on . B. This location gave its people some advantages. 1. __________________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________________ II. Early Roman Republic A. A republic is a form of government in which voters elect officials to run the state. 1. __________________________________________________________________ B. The Senate is . C. The magistrates included consuls, praetors, and censors. 1. The consuls . 2. The praetors . 3. The censors . D. Citizens in assemblies voted on laws and elected officials. III. The Conflict of the Orders A. Patricians . B. Plebeians . POST-READING QUICK CHECK After reading the section, explain how the Roman Republic used a system of checks and balances. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World History: The Human Journey PAGE 28 8 Guided Reading Strategies 055-066_MIA_CH07_065749 12/7/01 3:25 PM Page 55 Back DIGITAL Print Name CHAPTER Class 7 Date Main Idea Activities 7.1 Founding the Roman Republic VOCABULARY Some terms to understand: • quarrelsome (151): apt to pick a fight • emergency (151): an urgent need for help • dramatically (151): in a manner that has a striking effect • safeguards (152): safety devices; protections • appointed (152): named officially • morale (153): courage and confidence to keep one’s spirits up when facing hardships ORGANIZING INFORMATION Fill in the graphic organizer by writing the functions of each group of citizens in the early Roman Republic. • controlled public funds • had power over the actions of the Senate and other public officials • oversaw the conduct of citizens • commanded the army; had power to veto • decided on foreign policy • oversaw the moral conduct of citizens GOVERNING BODIES OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC Senate Magistrates Assemblies Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World History: The Human Journey Monotype Composition 410-467-3300 PAGE 55 9 Main Idea Activities 055-066_MIA_CH07_065749 12/7/01 3:25 PM Page 56 Back DIGITAL Print Name Class Date Chapter 7, Main Idea Activities 7.1, continued EVALUATING INFORMATION Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false. 1. Italy’s geography enabled it to control regions to its north and south. 2. Rome’s location helped protect it from invasion by sea. 3. Citizens in assemblies did not have real power. 4. The plebeians gained more power through demands and strikes. 5. The Roman Republic was mostly a time of peace. 6. Every landowning citizen was required to serve in the Roman army. 7. Only wealthy nobles could afford to hold a Roman office. 8. Even partial citizens in distant cities could vote in Roman elections. REVIEWING FACTS Choose the correct items from the following list to complete the statements below. Apennine checks and balances Senate Tiber plebeians Etruscans 1. The Twelve Tables Conflict of the Orders patricians legionnaires Mountains run the length of the Italian peninsula. 2. The earliest city dwellers in Rome were called the 3. Rome was built on seven hills along the . River. 4. The most influential and powerful of Rome’s governing bodies was the . 5. The division of power among the magistrates was called . 6. The struggles between plebeians and patricians were called the . 7. The were mainly farmers and workers. 8. The government. were powerful landowners who controlled the 9. The engraved Roman laws were called the 10. Citizens in the major unit of the army were called . . Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World History: The Human Journey Monotype Composition 410-467-3300 PAGE 56 10 Main Idea Activities Name Date Class Historical Significance Activity 5 ! Order in the Court CHAPTER 5 In 450 B.C., Roman laws were engraved on 12 bronze tablets that were placed in the Forum. The Twelve Tables described which actions were legal and which actions were illegal. American laws also are written down, so “ignorance of the law is no excuse” for illegal actions. One basic element of Roman law was the pr esumption of innocence, which is a fundamental part of American law today. Another connection between Roman and American law is the use of Latin for legal terms. You probably have heard some of these terms in news broadcasts and on television dramas. For example, many lawyers do pro bono work—for instance, they often donate their time as advisers to environmental or other socially active groups. Note the following legal terms: A government official pleaded nolo contendere to charges of taking bribes in awarding major construction contracts. The prosecutors had a prima facie case because the contractors admitted that the government official had accepted a quid pro quo. The contractors provided this evidence as part of a deal worked out for a declaration of nolle prosequi on charges against them. Pleading nolo contendere saved the official from any later private lawsuits because, technically, he did not admit that he was guilty. Also, the prosecutors probably recommended that the judge give a light sentence in return for the fact that this plea avoided a trial and saved the state a great deal of money. If there had been no law against bribery when the event took place, but a law had been passed later, then charges could not have been filed. No one can be char ged ex post facto, based on laws passed after the fact. DIRECTIONS: Use a dictionary to define the following terms in the space pr ovided. 1. pro bono 2. nolo contendere Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3. prima facie 4. quid pro quo 5. nolle prosequi 6. ex post facto 132 PAGE 140