Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Cytoplasmic streaming wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Endomembrane system wikipedia , lookup
Kingdom PROTISTA •algae, protozoa, and slime molds •have true cells and membrane organelles (some very complex) •protozoa are usually unicellular and sometimes colonial •algae may be unicellular, multicellular, or colonial •slime molds are usually multinucelated, but not multicellular Subkingdom Algae Phyla: CHLOROPHYTA (green, plant) green algae BACILLARIOPHYTA (little stick, plant) - diatoms DINOFLAGELLATA (whirling, whip) - dinoflagellates PHAEOPHYTA (brown, plant) - brown algae RHODOPHYTA (red, plant) - red algae CHRYSOPHYTA (golden, plant)- yellow algae • • • • • • size: microns (1/1,000 of a millimeter) to 73 meters (brown algae) unicellular or colonial, multicellular algae have no tissue differentiation, and are therefore not considered to be plants possess chlorophyll and other pigments thus autotrophic reproduction: sexual and asexual basic to all aquatic food chains produce 60+% of atmospheric oxygen, Subkingdom Protozoa Phylum: EUGLENOPHYTA (true, eyeball, plant)-the euglenoids Phylum: ZOOMASTIGINA (animal, whip)- locomotion by flagella • all heterotrophic, usually by forming a vacuole around the food and absorbing it • marina and freshwater habitats • one to many flagella • most are unicellular but some colonial • reproduction: fission (asexual) and rarely sexual • primary consumer, basic to higher heterotrophic levels, decomposers, some pathogenic (harmful) organisms Phylum: RHIZOPODA (root, foot) -Amoeba, foraminifera, radiolaria • locomotion by means of pseudopodia (false feet) • marine, freshwater, and terrestrial forms • active ingestion, heterotrophic, many are parasites, some pathogenic (amoebic dysentery) • contractile and food vacuoles, few other organelles, • reproduction by fission • some have shells, forming earth deposits (White Cliffs of Dover) 3/10 Phylum: CILIOPHORA (eyelash, bearing)-the ciliates • cilia and a coordinated mechanism for movement • usually have two nuclei • highly complex organelles - gullet, anus, contractile fibers • reproduction by fission or conjugation • heterotrophic (although some autotrophs are known), decomposer, food chains, some pathogenic • marine and freshwater species Phylum: SPOROZOA (spore, animal)• all are spore forming parasites of animals • no structures for locomotion present • complicated sexual reproductive cycle usually involving one to several host animals • many pathogenic forms (Plasmodium - malaria in humans) Fungal-like Protists Divisions: • • • • • OOMYCOTA- water molds CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA- chytrids ACRASIOMYCOTA- cellular slime molds MYXOMYCOTA- plasmodial slime molds these may be relatives of the fungi, but are very different from each other all four divisions are heterotrophic water molds and cellular slime molds have cell walls made of cellulose chytrids have cell walls made of chitin, and may be the closest relative to the fungi; have no true cells, just many nuclei in one cell plasmodial slime molds have no cell walls, and no true cells, just a lot of nuclei inside one cell membrane 3/10